Abstract: A system for testing thermal runaway in a battery cell includes a first layer of first dielectric material at least in part wrapped around the battery cell, and a wire at least in part wrapped around the first layer of first dielectric material. The system further includes a second layer of second dielectric material at least in part wrapped around the wire, and a power source configured to supply power to the wire. In an example, the first layer of first dielectric material includes a polyimide film, and the second layer of second dielectric material includes mica. The system further includes a temperature sensor in contact with the first layer, the second layer, and/or the battery cell. A controller is to receive a temperature reading from the temperature sensor, and control a power supplied by the power source to the wire, based at least in part on the temperature reading.

Abstract: A method includes forming a cold plate including conductive material and having a plurality of openings, and coating the cold plate with dielectric coating. The method further includes placing the cold plate proximal to a metal plate including one or more metals, and exposing the cold plate to moisture and/or water. In an example, a minimum lateral distance between the cold plate and the metal plate is at most 0.5 inch. The method further includes, while the cold plate is exposed to the moisture and/or the water, applying a voltage across the cold plate and the metal plate, and measuring a resultant leakage current through the cold plate. A thickness of the dielectric coating on an edge of an opening of the plurality of openings is at least 0.003 inch.

Abstract: A battery system, battery packs and battery modules are disclosed. The battery module comprises a plurality of cells mounted within a housing. The housing has a plurality of openings respectively for a corresponding cell. The module has a plurality of groups of cells. Each group comprises a plurality of parallel connected cells from among the plurality of cells. The plurality of groups is connected in series. The module has a plurality of current limiting elements. Each current limiting element are electrically connected in a parallel path to one or both terminals of cells which are parallelly connected. The current limiting elements may be passive or active elements. The current limiting elements may be integrated in or separate from busbars which are connected to terminals of the cells.

Abstract: A two-part, hand-held portable cleaning system provides the ability for washing and vacuum cleaning printing stencil screens and the like in-situ in an environmentally safe manner. The system includes a vacuum-assisted drip pan and an applicator brush with a specially designed low-pressure, solvent-dispensing nozzle. The drip pan is held beneath the stencil or screen while the applicator brush floods the area to be cleaned with solvent, thus dislodging the accumulated printing medium by the mechanical action of the brush. Much of the contaminated solvent flows through the stencil or screen into the drip pan below. Vacuum hoses attached to both the drip pan and the applicator brush remove the liquid solvent and any solvent vapor in the vicinity. A separation chamber is located in the air vacuum circuit between the blower and the hoses and is positioned above the reservoir connected thereto by a gravity-feed drain line.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cleaning solder paste from stencils, screens, misprinted circuit boards, and tools associated with the manufacturing of surface mount technology circuit boards. The apparatus includes a holder assembly for holding the solder-laden objects during cleaning and rotatable spray arms connected with a chemical pump for spraying a transversely directed, cyclic waves of solvent onto the object's surfaces. The cleaning action of the spray arms permits use of the solvent at or below room temperature thereby substantially reducing evaporative loss of solvent, environmental injury resulting from such evaporative loss, and exposure of workers to solvent vapors. The apparatus includes filters for filtering heavy metal particles washed from the objects to contain the heavy metals for safe disposal. Safety mechanisms are included in the apparatus to prevent worker injury.