Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell, a virus-infected cell, or a fibrotic cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell, a virus-infected cell, or a fibrotic cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a cancer cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the cancer cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a cancer cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the cancer cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a cancer cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the cancer cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the cancer cell via endocytosis.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for inhibiting and reducing the expression of cell surface proteins and methods for treating cancer, inflammation, and diabetes using the therapeutic compounds.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a fibrotic cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a fibrotic cell.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds for red blood cell-mediated delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to a target cell are described. The therapeutic compounds are configured to bind CD47 on the surface of a red blood cell and to be subsequently transferred to CD47 on the surface of the target cell, the therapeutic compound ultimately being internalized by the target cell via endocytosis. The target cell may be a cancer cell, a virus-infected cell, or a fibrotic cell.

Abstract: A muffler for an internal combustion engine has a casing forming an expansion chamber therein. An inlet duct is connected to the casing and projects into the expansion chamber and discharges exhaust fluid into the expansion chamber. The casing tapers in an upstream direction to form a pocket for receiving reverse flow of the exhaust gases and to minimize reverse flow from flowing back into the inlet duct in an upstream direction. In the discharge end of the inlet duct are a set of primary vanes and a set of secondary vanes. The vanes are secured to the walls of the duct and extend radially toward the central area of the duct. The vanes are angled in order to deflect the exhaust fluid flow into a swirling movement as it is discharged into the expansion chamber and maintains that swirling movement while passing out of the casing through the outlet duct.

Abstract: A muffler for an internal combustion engine has a casing forming an expansion chamber therein. An inlet duct is connected to the casing and projects into the expansion chamber and discharges exhaust fluid into the expansion chamber. The casing tapers in an upstream direction to form a pocket for receiving reverse flow of the exhaust gases and to minimize reverse flow from flowing back into the inlet duct in an upstream direction. In the discharge end of the inlet duct are a set of primary vanes and a set of secondary vanes. The vanes are secured to the walls of the duct and extend radially toward the central area of the duct. The vanes are angled in order to deflect the exhaust fluid flow into a swirling movement as it is discharged into the expansion chamber and maintains that swirling movement while passing out of the casing through the outlet duct.

Abstract: The device includes a set of rotatable vanes and a set of stationary vanes which are mounted within a cylindrical housing. The set of rotatable vanes are connected to a post located at the axis of the housing and rotate relative to the post in response to the intake or exhaust fluid impinging on the vanes which are angled relative to the direction of flow of the fluid stream. The set of stationary vanes are rigidly secured to the post and also rigidly secured to the housing walls. The set of stationary vanes are positioned adjacent the set of rotatable vanes and are similarly angled relative to the direction of flow of the fluid stream in order to deflect the fluid stream and impart a swirling motion to the fluid stream in order to provide more complete mixing of the air/fuel mixture of the intake fluid stream or scavenging of the exhaust fluid stream. Tabs which extend radially outwardly from the housing ends secure the device within an intake or exhaust passageway.

Abstract: The device includes a pair of flat planar vanes securely mounted within a cylindrical housing. The vanes have a medial slit extending from the center to a longitudinal end of the vane. The vanes are interconnected at the slits so that they are in criss-cross positioning. The vanes are axially angled so that when positioned in an intake air duct the vanes impart a swirling motion to the air entering the engine providing more complete mixing of the air and fuel and when positioned in an exhaust passageway the vanes impart a swirling motion to the exhaust gases exiting the engine providing scavenging of the exhaust gases.

Abstract: The device is utilized to provide swirling of either intake air flow or exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine. When used to swirl intake fluid flow, the device is positioned in the intake passageway for air entering the carburetor or fuel injection subsystem. The swirling of the air provides more complete mixing of the air and fuel entering the combustion chamber of the engine thereby providing more complete combustion of the fuel mixture. When utilized to swirl exhaust fluid flow, the device is positioned in the exhaust passageway for exhaust gases exiting the exhaust manifold. The swirling of the exhaust gases minimizes slowing of exhaust gas flow through the exhaust system to reduce back pressure and thereby provide more complete combustion. The device includes a set of flat planar vanes which are mounted within a housing. The varies are angled to impart a swirling motion to the intake air or exhaust gas passing through the housing.

Abstract: The device is utilized to provide swirling of either intake air flow or exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine. When used to swirl intake fluid flow, the device is positioned in the intake passageway for air entering the carburetor or fuel injection subsystem. The swirling of the air provides more complete mixing of the air and fuel entering the combustion chamber of the engine thereby providing more complete combustion of the fuel mixture. When utilized to swirl exhaust fluid flow, the device is positioned in the exhaust passageway for exhaust gases exiting the exhaust manifold. The swirling of the exhaust gases minimizes slowing of exhaust gas flow through the exhaust system to reduce back pressure and thereby provide more complete combustion. The device includes a set of flat planar vanes which are mounted within a housing.

Abstract: The device is utilized to create swirling, turbulent flow to the air entering an internal combustion engine, and to the exhaust gases therefrom prior to the gases entering an air pollution system. The device utilizes multiple curved and radially angled vanes to force the air into a predetermined turbulent, swirling pattern. For carbureted engines, the device is positioned between the air filter and the inlet to the carburetor and on fuel injection engines, the device is positioned at the inlet port of the intake manifold. 100% of the air which will enter the engine will have been forced into a swirling and turbulent flow by the device for maximum combustion efficiency. Within the exhaust system, the device is positioned within the exhaust tube(s) just upstream of the catalytic converter to force the gases into a swirling and turbulent flow, thereby permitting a more efficient utilization of the catalytic converter process.