Abstract: A topographical measurement system may include a tactile sensor using a contained fluid as an imaging medium.

Abstract: A method for making electrophoretic displays layers including various thin films that are deposited directly onto a layer of microcapsules of electrophoretic media. In an embodiment, a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material is deposited to create a clear front electrode for an electrophoretic display. In some embodiments, both a dielectric layer and a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material will be deposited onto the microcapsules.

Abstract: A variable transmission film may include an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of capsules and a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field and being capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. The film may include at least one of a binder containing fish gelatin and a polyanion; a binder containing one or more tinting agents; capsules containing charge control agents, such as an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least 8 carbon atoms; a selection of capsules in which at least 60% have a diameter between 50 ?m and 90 ?m and at least 15% have a diameter between 20 ?m and 49 ?m; a tinted adhesive layer; and a fluid selected from one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A topographical measurement system may include a tactile sensor using a contained fluid as an imaging medium.

Abstract: A variable transmission electro-optic medium includes a plurality of capsules and a binder. Each capsule contains a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid. The charged particles are movable by application of an electric field and are capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. Absorbance of light of the capsules is greater in the closed state than the open state. The fluid includes one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A variable transmission electro-optic medium includes a plurality of electrically charged particles, a charge control agent, and a fluid. The charged particles are movable by application of an electric field. The charge control agent comprises an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of core-shell particles and a non-polar fluid. The core-shell particles comprise an organic pigment particles core and a shell comprising a metal oxide layer and a silane layer. The metal oxide layer may have a thickness of 0.4 to 2 nm. It may be formed using a fluidized bed reactor by inserting the organic pigment into the reactor as a powder bed, contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream comprising a metal oxide precursor and an inert gas, and contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream of a reagent and an inert gas. The silane layer is formed from a silane compound comprising a first functional group, wherein the first functional group reacts with the metal oxide.

Abstract: Light-transmissive conductors including oriented conductors disposed in a light-transmissive polymer having a volume resistivity between 1×1010 ohm-cm and 1×104 ohm-cm. The oriented conductors typically have very high conductivity along their length. Light-transmissive conductors described herein are well-suited for front electrodes for electro-optic displays, especially elongated displays in the shape of ribbons, stripes, or rulers.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprising at least two separate layers of electro-optic material, with one of these layers being capable of displaying at least one optical state which cannot be displayed by the other layer. The display is driven by a single set of electrodes between which both layers are sandwiched, the two layers being controllable at least partially independently of one another. Another form of the invention uses three different types of particles within a single electrophoretic layer, with the three types of particles being arranged to shutter independently of one another.

Abstract: An electro-optic medium including an encapsulated material and a binder, the encapsulated material being configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field, and the binder including a polymer having a plurality of side chains, wherein at least a portion of the side chains have an ionic moiety.

Abstract: An image is formed on an architectural surface by applying to the surface, in order: a rear electrode layer; a light-transmissive front electrode layer; a photoconductive layer disposed between the front and rear electrode layers; and an electro-optic layer disposed between the front and rear electrode layers. A potential difference is applied between the front and rear electrode layers and the front electrode layer is imagewise exposed to radiation which causes a change in the conductivity of the photoconductive layer, thereby causing an imagewise change in the optical state of the electro-optic layer. Films for application to architectural surfaces are also provided.

Abstract: A capsule comprising a capsule wall and an electrophoretic fluid encapsulated by the capsule wall. The capsule wall comprises a cross-linked nonionic, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer. The electrophoretic fluid comprises a suspending fluid, first pigment particles, second pigment particles, and third pigment particles. In some embodiments, the electrophoretic fluid includes a fourth electrophoretic particle. The first, second, and third particles are electrically charged, suspended in the suspending fluid, and capable of moving through the suspending fluid upon application of an electric field to the capsule.

Abstract: An electro-optic media includes either a plurality of microcapsules in a binder, a polymeric sheet containing sealed microcells, or droplets in a continuous polymeric phase. Each of the microcapsules, microcells, or droplets contain a dispersion that includes a plurality of charged composite particles and a suspending fluid, and the charged particles move through the suspending fluid under the influence of an electric field. The composite particles include one or more types of pigment particles that are at least partially coated with a polymeric material. Each of the binder, polymeric sheet, continuous polymeric phase, the charged composite particles, and the suspending fluid have an index of refraction, and a difference between the index of refraction of the composite particles and at least one of the binder, polymeric sheet, continuous polymeric phase, and solvent is less than or equal to 0.05 at 550 nm.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises in order, an electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer, an electro-optic material layer, an adhesive layer, and a backplane substrate comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to apply an electrical potential between the electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer and the pixel electrodes. An activation region, comprising an identification marker, is located in a layer of the electro-optic device and it emits radiation of a characteristic wavelength upon activation by a stimulus, enabling the identification of the manufacturing source and the manufacturing lot of the electro-optic device and its components. The technology is also relevant for a front plane laminate and a double release sheet, which are useful components for the manufacture of electro-optic devices.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises in order, an electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer, an electro-optic material layer, an adhesive layer, and a backplane substrate comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to apply an electrical potential between the electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer and the pixel electrodes. An activation region, comprising an identification marker, is located in a layer of the electro-optic device and it emits radiation of a characteristic wavelength upon activation by a stimulus, enabling the identification of the manufacturing source and the manufacturing lot of the electro-optic device and its components. The technology is also relevant for a front plane laminate and a double release sheet, which are useful components for the manufacture of electro-optic devices.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of core-shell particles and a non-polar fluid. The core-shell particles comprise an organic pigment particles core and a shell comprising a metal oxide layer and a silane layer. The metal oxide layer may have a thickness of 0.4 to 2 nm. It may be formed using a fluidized bed reactor by inserting the organic pigment into the reactor as a powder bed, contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream comprising a metal oxide precursor and an inert gas, and contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream of a reagent and an inert gas. The silane layer is formed from a silane compound comprising a first functional group, wherein the first functional group reacts with the metal oxide.

Abstract: A topographical measurement system includes a rigid optical element and a clear, elastomeric sensing surface configured to capture high-resolution topographical data from a measurement surface. The rigid optical element and elastomeric sensing surface may be configured as a removable cartridge that can be removed and replaced as a single, integral component. An optical diffraction element or similar optical system may be used to create a three-dimensional illumination pattern within an imaging volume so that, when the system is placed for use on a surface, the illumination within the imaging volume facilitates computational reconstruction of a surface contacting the elastomeric sensing surface and spatially intersecting the imaging volume.

Abstract: An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of core-shell particles and a non-polar fluid. The core-shell particles comprise an organic pigment particles core and a shell comprising a metal oxide layer and a silane layer. The metal oxide layer may have a thickness of 0.4 to 2 nm. It may be formed using a fluidized bed reactor by inserting the organic pigment into the reactor as a powder bed, contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream comprising a metal oxide precursor and an inert gas, and contacting the powder bed with a gaseous stream of a reagent and an inert gas. The silane layer is formed from a silane compound comprising a first functional group, wherein the first functional group reacts with the metal oxide.