Abstract: Proof-of-Dynamic-Quorum is a consensus mechanism for blockchain networks that selects a dynamic quorum of nodes to validate a proposed block based on digital data included in the proposed block. In an embodiment, a request to add a proposed block to a blockchain is received by a node of a blockchain network. A composite key value is generated based on one or more values within the proposed block. Based on a composite-key-value-to-quorum-participants mapping that is indicated in one or more blocks that are already present in the blockchain, a validating quorum is determined to determine whether the proposed block is to be added to the blockchain. When each node of the validating quorum indicates that the proposed block is accepted, the receiving node writes the proposed block to the blockchain. Proof-of-Dynamic-Quorum enables real-world authority data to be considered when performing a consensus algorithm in a blockchain network.

Abstract: Proof-of-Dynamic-Quorum is a consensus mechanism for blockchain networks that selects a dynamic quorum of nodes to validate a proposed block based on digital data included in the proposed block. In an embodiment, a request to add a proposed block to a blockchain is received by a node of a blockchain network. A composite key value is generated based on one or more values within the proposed block. Based on a composite-key-value-to-quorum-participants mapping that is indicated in one or more blocks that are already present in the blockchain, a validating quorum is determined to determine whether the proposed block is to be added to the blockchain. When each node of the validating quorum indicates that the proposed block is accepted, the receiving node writes the proposed block to the blockchain. Proof-of-Dynamic-Quorum enables real-world authority data to be considered when performing a consensus algorithm in a blockchain network.

Abstract: There is disclosed a network device having a network interface; and one or more logic elements comprising a flow table engine operable to: receive a network packet via the network interface; perform a logging action to make the network packet traceable; and notify a software-defined networking (SDN) controller of the logging action via the network interface. There is also disclosed an SDN controller having a network interface; first one or more logic elements comprising a software-defined networking (SDN) controller engine to provide SDN controller services; and second one or more logic elements comprising a route tracing engine, operable to: receive a logging action for a network packet from a network device via the network interface; and update a logging table from the logging action. There is further disclosed a method of providing the foregoing, and computer-readable mediums for providing the foregoing.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a multi-layer polishing pad for chemical-mechanical polishing comprising a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein the top layer and bottom layer are joined together by the middle layer, and without the use of an adhesive. The invention is also directed to a multi-layer polishing pad comprising an optically transmissive region, wherein the layers of the multi-layer polishing pad are joined together without the use of an adhesive.

Abstract: There is disclosed a network device having a network interface; and one or more logic elements comprising a flow table engine operable to: receive a network packet via the network interface; perform a logging action to make the network packet traceable; and notify a software-defined networking (SDN) controller of the logging action via the network interface. There is also disclosed an SDN controller having a network interface; first one or more logic elements comprising a software-defined networking (SDN) controller engine to provide SDN controller services; and second one or more logic elements comprising a route tracing engine, operable to: receive a logging action for a network packet from a network device via the network interface; and update a logging table from the logging action. There is further disclosed a method of providing the foregoing, and computer-readable mediums for providing the foregoing.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a multi-layer polishing pad for chemical-mechanical polishing comprising a top layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein the top layer and bottom layer are joined together by the middle layer, and without the use of an adhesive. The invention is also directed to a multi-layer polishing pad comprising an optically transmissive region, wherein the layers of the multi-layer polishing pad are joined together without the use of an adhesive.

Abstract: The invention provides a polishing pad comprising a polishing pad body comprising a polishing surface, wherein the polishing body comprises pores, and wherein the polishing surface has a surface roughness of about 0.1 ?m to about 10 ?m.