Abstract: An apparatus includes one or more control circuit configured to connect to a data bus. The one or more control circuit is configured to compare a first bit sampled on a first side of a Data Valid Window (DVW) of a data signal with a middle bit from the middle of the DVW and compare a second bit sampled on a second side of the DVW with the middle bit to detect misalignment of sampling with the DVW. The one or more control circuit is configured to adjust sampling times for the data signal according to detection of misalignment.

Abstract: A data storage system includes a storage medium including plurality of memory cells, a storage controller in communication with the storage medium, an electrical interface circuitry configured to pass data via a channel disposed between the storage medium and the storage controller; and voltage training circuitry configured to train a high-level output voltage (VOH) for each of a plurality of data lines of the channel. Training the VOH includes, for each of the plurality of data lines of the channel, calibrating a pull-up driver of the storage controller against an on-die termination circuit of the storage medium, calibrating a pull-down driver of the storage controller against the pull-up driver of the storage controller, and calibrating an on-die termination circuit of the storage controller against a pull-up driver of the storage medium.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory system may include detection circuitry configured to detect that a host system is configured to initially communicate a clock signal and initialization command signals at a voltage level lower than its input/output driver circuit is configured to receive the signals. In response to the detection, the detection circuitry may switch a regulator circuit from a high voltage mode to a low voltage mode so that the input/output driver circuit is ready to receive the initialization commands at the lower voltage level.