Abstract: This invention provides a binding modulator (BMOD) system. The BMOD can bind to targeting and/or therapeutic molecule(s) (TO AT) to make a BMOD-TOAT (BMODT) complex. When the BMOD is bound to the TO AT, the BMOD can affect M various properties of the TO AT and/or BMODT complex. A first BMOD can bind to a TO AT to create a BMODT complex to affect properties of the TO AT, and one or more additional BMODs can bind to that BMODT to further modify the properties of the BMODT. This can be used to generate BMODT complex(es) with higher efficacy and functionality than the TOAT that was used to create the BMODT complexes. This higher efficacy could be a result of increased engagement with effector cells caused by the BMOD(s). Antibody biobetters can be made as well by attaching a BMOD to an antibody.

Abstract: Chimeric autoantibody receptors (CAARs) can include separate signaling and recognition constructs that are able to bind ligands that target autoantigens made of conventional amino acids, non-conventional amino acids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids. Additionally, the present disclosure describes cells modified to express such constructs and the use of such constructs and/or cells in the treatment of autoimmune disease.

Abstract: A hyperspecific MP system is a system of at least 3 different types of Modified Proteins expressed on/in any cell type and operating together in a treatment, diagnostic, commercial method, or other commercial method(s). Using multiple Modified Proteins can significantly increase the specificity of cancer treatment among many others and decrease side effects of treatments.