Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device including a substrate, conductive structures on the substrate and extending in parallel to each other in a first direction, and a first interlayer dielectric layer in first and second trenches between the conductive structures. A width in a second direction of the first trench may be less than a width in the second direction of the second trench. The first interlayer dielectric layer may include a lower interlayer dielectric layer and an upper interlayer dielectric layer on the lower interlayer dielectric layer, sequentially stacked. A mechanical strength of the upper interlayer dielectric layer may be greater than a mechanical strength of the lower interlayer dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system. As an example of the present disclosure, the method may include: receiving information on at least one of a first split point and a second split point from a base station; performing first split inference based on the first split point and generating first intermediate data; transmitting the first intermediate data to the base station; receiving second intermediate data generated based on the second split point from the base station; performing remaining split inference from the second split point based on the second intermediate data; and adjusting the second split point based on the second intermediate data.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including cell and peripheral regions, and a boundary region therebetween, a lower insulating layer on the cell region and extending onto the boundary and peripheral regions, data storage patterns on the lower insulating layer on the cell region, a cell insulating layer on the lower insulating layer on the cell region and on the data storage patterns, a first upper insulating layer on the cell insulating layer, peripheral conductive lines on the lower insulating layer on the peripheral region, and a peripheral insulating layer on the lower insulating layer on the peripheral region and on the peripheral conductive lines. The peripheral insulating layer extends onto the lower insulating layer on the boundary region to be in contact with side surfaces of the cell insulating layer and the first upper insulating layer. The peripheral insulating layer includes a material different from the cell insulating layer.

Abstract: In order to provide device and method for adjusting split point in wireless communication system, a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system may comprise requesting a base station for uplink channel quality information, receiving, from the base station, the uplink channel quality information, determining a first split point based on the channel quality information, performing first split inference based on the determined first split point and transmitting, to the base station, first split inference result information.

Abstract: A communication system supporting quantum key distribution is disclosed. A method performed by a first device comprises transmitting or receiving a random access (RA) preamble to or from a second device, receiving or transmitting a random access response (RAR) message from or to the second device as a response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the second device, generating a sift key for communication with the second device and performing communication through a radio channel with the second device using the sift key.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method performed by the device to correct an error in a quantum communication system. The method is characterized by comprising: transmitting a random access (RA) preamble to another device; receiving a random access response (RAR) from the other device as a response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the other device; and transmitting data to the other device, wherein the data is encoded on the basis of key information, the error is measured on the basis of a test pulse, and the key information is distributed to the device and the other device on the basis of the error being corrected using an improved Faraday rotator mirror of the device.

Abstract: A method for performing reinforcement learning by a V2X communication device in an autonomous driving system, specifically, a method for performing reinforcement learning in consideration of a reward application ratio over time, is proposed. Action information is transmitted to a second V2X communication device, reward information is received from the second V2X communication device, and reinforcement learning is performed on the basis of a reward, wherein a reward corresponding to a ratio determined by a first V2X communication device is applied to the reinforcement learning, the ratio is determined on the basis of a time interval from a time point of transmission of the action information to a time point of reception of the reward information, and the ratio is between 0 and 1, both inclusive.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting signals by a transmission end in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes configuring first and second type logical channel groups; receiving a first uplink grant; and transmitting buffer size information based on the uplink grant, wherein, when the first uplink grant is allowed to be used for transmission of buffer size information of the second logical channel group, the buffer size information includes the buffer size information of the first and second logical channel groups, and wherein, when the first uplink grant is not allowed to be used for transmission of buffer size information of the second logical channel group, the buffer size information includes the buffer size information of the first logical channel group.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and a device supporting the same are disclosed. As an example, a method performed by a first device in a communication system may comprise transmitting, to a second device, a random access (RA) preamble, receiving, from the second device, a random access response (RAR) message as a response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the second device, generating a sift key for communication with the second device, and performing communication through a radio channel with the second device using the sift key.

Abstract: Provided is a method and device for correcting an error in a communication system, the method including: transmitting, to another device, data encrypted based on key information. The key information is obtained by: incident a detection pulse on a variable Faraday rotating mirror and a reference pulse on a first mirror, respectively, wherein the detection pulse and the reference pulse are pulses branched from a test pulse; generating a first current in a balanced photodetector (BPD) based on a first component obtained as the detection pulse is reflected from the variable Faraday rotating mirror and a second component obtained as the reference pulse is reflected from the first mirror; converting the first current into a second current; incident the second current on the variable Faraday rotating mirror; and correcting the error in the variable Faraday rotating mirror based on the incident second current.

Abstract: A method for performing reinforcement learning by a V2X communication device in an autonomous driving system, specifically, a method for performing reinforcement learning in consideration of an application rate of a reward according to age in terms of the freshness of a reward for an action, is proposed. An agent transmits an action message and controls a reflection rate of a reward through AoI management for a reward message, so that rewards transmitted from a plurality of devices are suitably reflected in an environment of a reinforcement learning-based autonomous driving system, and an optimal policy can be found accordingly.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method, performed by an apparatus, for transmitting at least one beam in a wireless communication system, the method comprising transmitting the at least one beam to another apparatus and receiving information about a result of measuring the at least one beam from the other apparatus, wherein the at least one beam is a beam generated on the basis of a signal synthesized from a laser signal being incident on a meta surface from a power controller, the laser signal consists of a plurality of frequency components, the synthesized signal is a signal in which power amplification is applied to each of the plurality of frequency components, and the power amplification is applied on the basis of the intensity regarding each of the plurality of frequency components.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method for estimating a quantum bit error rate (QBER) for key information, performed by a device in a quantum cryptography communication system, the method and device being characterized by: receiving a random access (RA) preamble from another device; transmitting a random access response (RAR) to the other device, in response to the RA preamble, performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection process with the other device; receiving data from the other device; and decoding the data on the basis of the key information, wherein the key information is determined on the basis of estimation of the QBER, and the device estimates the QBER on the basis of first two-dimensional parity information received from the other device through a public channel.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method and a device, the method, performed by a device, for transmitting a first pulse train in a quantum communication system being characterized by: receiving a random access (RA) preamble from another device; transmitting an RA response (RAR) to the other device as a response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection process with the other device; receiving data from the other device; and decoding the data on the basis of key information, wherein a first pulse train is generated in a laser diode of the device, and the key information is determined on the basis that the first pulse train passes through both a first path and a second path and is then transmitted from the device to the other device via a quantum channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. Especially, the method includes the steps of generating a first MAC PDU including at least one MAC Control Element (CE) and a first data; receiving an uplink grant for transmitting a second data, wherein a transmission time of the first data overlaps with a transmission time of the second data, and wherein a priority of the second data is higher than a priority of the first data; generating a second MAC PDU including the at least one MAC CE and the second data; and transmitting the second MAC PDU.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for performing a random access procedure by a user equipment in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes transmitting a first number of random access preambles; detecting a second number of random access responses corresponding to the first number of random access preambles; and transmitting an payload using one uplink grant for which a listen before talk (LBT) procedure is firstly successful among a second number of uplink grants included in the second number of random access responses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting a scheduling request (SR) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes the steps of: triggering the SR related with a logical channel (LCH); transmitting a buffer status report (BSR) which includes buffer status related to triggering of the SR; and based on not receiving a feedback informing successful reception of the BSR from a network, transmitting the SR, wherein, based on the feedback informing successful reception of the BSR is received, the SR is canceled.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for confirmation of multiple configured grants for sidelink in a wireless communication system is provided. A wireless device receives activation command or deactivation command on Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) for at least one of the multiple configured grants. A wireless device receives transmits, to the network, a confirmation Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE). The confirmation MAC CE includes one or more fields in a bit group of which size is equal to number of the multiple configured grants. Each field in the bit group is set to (i) zero to indicate deactivation for each of the multiple configured grants or (ii) 1 to indicate activation for each of the multiple configured grants. Each field in the confirmation MAC CE except the bit group is ignored.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting a scheduling request (SR) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes the steps of: receiving an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resource; based on the UL-SCH resource being overlapped with another resource and the UL-SCH resource being deprioritized, triggering an SR for informing that the UL-SCH resource is deprioritized while having data available for transmission on the UL-SCH resource; and transmitting the SR to a network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting a buffer status report (BSR) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes the steps of: configuring at least two logical channel groups (LCGs), wherein each of the at least two LCGs includes at least one logical channel; if all of the at least two LCGs do not have data available for transmission when the BSR is triggered, constructing a Short BSR for a specific LCG among the at least two LCGs; and transmitting the Short BSR to the network.