Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a multilayer structure in which a plurality of dielectric layers are stacked in a first direction and a plurality of internal electrodes stacked with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween and external electrodes formed outside the body and connected to the internal electrodes. The body includes an active portion and a side margin portion covering the active portion and opposing each other in a second direction, and 1<A2/M1?1.5 and A2<A1 in which A1 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers in a central region of the active portion, A2 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers at an active boundary part of the active portion adjacent to the side margin portion, and M1 is an average grain size of the dielectric layers in a central region of the side margin portion.

Abstract: A transparent photovoltaic cell is proposed. The transparent photovoltaic cell may include a transparent substrate, a plurality of micro-pillars arranged on an upper part of the transparent substrate and formed with respective transparent windows, through which incident sunlight transmits, on respective upper parts thereof. The transparent photovoltaic cell may also include a photoelectric converter formed on an upper surface of the transparent substrate between each of the plurality of micro-pillars and on side surfaces of each micro-pillar, and configured to generate power through absorption of incident sunlight.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell having a fan structure that provides a more pleasant life, convenience, and stability by forming, in a fan structure, a flexible color solar cell applied with a carbon dioxide absorption material, and configuring the formed flexible color solar cell through convergence of information technology, and an electronic application apparatus using the same. The electronic application apparatus using a solar cell as a power source includes: an application device body portion including a both side supporter fixed to ground, a transmitter including an antenna capable of transmitting power and data, and a data screen to thereby provide a predetermined service; and the solar cell provided in an upper end of the application device body portion, to color using a predetermined wavelength of light, and to perform solar power generation using a remaining wavelength of light.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a solar cell are provided. The method may include forming a lower electrode on a substrate, forming a light absorption layer on the lower electrode, forming a buffer layer on the light absorption layer, and forming a window layer on the buffer layer. The window layer may include an intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode which have electric characteristics different from each other, respectively. The intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode may be formed by a sputtering process using a single target formed of metal oxide doped with impurities.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a solar cell are provided. The method may include forming a lower electrode on a substrate, forming a light absorption layer on the lower electrode, forming a buffer layer on the light absorption layer, and forming a window layer on the buffer layer. The window layer may include an intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode which have electric characteristics different from each other, respectively. The intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode may be formed by a sputtering process using a single target formed of metal oxide doped with impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed are vacuum window glazing including a solar cell function and a manufacturing method thereof. The vacuum window glazing includes a first sheet glass, a second sheet glass that is vacuum-bonded to the first sheet glass; a vacuum layer that is formed between the first sheet glass and the second sheet glass; and a solar cell panel that is formed on a surface of the second sheet glass in a direction of the vacuum layer. By this configuration, power can be produced through the solar cell formed within the vacuum window glazing while more increasing the heat insulation effect of the vacuum window glazing, and the cooling and heating efficiency of the building can be greatly improved using the outer wall covered with glass.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for separating and converting multiband signals. The device includes a photoelectric converter for converting an externally received optical signal into an electrical signal, a first switch for separating the converted electrical signal into signals according to frequency bands, a first mobile communication band-pass amplifier for amplifying a mobile communication network signal of the signals separated by the first switch, a broadband up-converter for up-converting a baseband signal of the signals separated by the first switch into a broadband signal, a first broadband amplifier for amplifying the broadband signal output from the broadband up-converter, and a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting the signals amplified by the first mobile communication band-pass amplifier and the first broadband amplifier.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell. The solar cell includes a photovoltaic conversion device having first surface and the second surface on the opposite side, a first electrode connected to the first surface, a second electrode connected to the second surface, and an alkaline metal containing layer contacting one of the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are a CIGS solar cell and a method of fabricating the CIGS solar cell. In the method, a buffer layer exposing protrusions is formed. Then, a window electrode layer having an uneven surface conforming with the protrusions of the buffer layer is formed. Thus, an additional process for making the upper surface of a window electrode layer rough is unnecessary in order to decrease surface reflectance of incident sunlight and increase the solar cell efficiency, so that productivity can be improved.

Abstract: A solar cell and method of fabricating the same are provided. The solar cell includes a metal electrode layer, an optical absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a transparent electrode layer. The metal electrode layer is disposed on a substrate. The optical absorption layer is disposed on the metal electrode layer. The buffer layer is disposed on the optical absorption layer and includes an indium gallium nitride (InxGa1-xN). The transparent electrode layer is disposed on the buffer layer.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent solar cell. The transparent solar cell includes a transparent substrate, a selective transparent reflection layer, a first electrode, a photovoltaic conversion layer and a second electrode. The selective transparent reflection layer includes a first surface contacting the transparent substrate, and the second surface facing the first surface. The first electrode, the photovoltaic conversion layer and the second electrode are sequentially stacked on the second surface of the selective transparent reflection layer. The selective transparent reflection layer transmits at least a portion of wavelength of a visible ray and reflects an infrared ray.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for separating and converting multiband signals. The device includes a photoelectric converter for converting an externally received optical signal into an electrical signal, a first switch for separating the converted electrical signal into signals according to frequency bands, a first mobile communication band-pass amplifier for amplifying a mobile communication network signal of the signals separated by the first switch, a broadband up-converter for up-converting a baseband signal of the signals separated by the first switch into a broadband signal, a first broadband amplifier for amplifying the broadband signal output from the broadband up-converter, and a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting the signals amplified by the first mobile communication band-pass amplifier and the first broadband amplifier.

Abstract: An electroabsorption (EA) duplexer in which an optical amplifier, a photodetector, and an optical modulator are monolithically integrated to obtain a high radio frequency (RF) gain in radio-over fiber (RoF) link optical transmission technology is provided. The EA duplexer includes a substrate, a separation area, an optical detection/modulation unit, and an optical amplification unit. The separation area includes a first epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the substrate. The first epitaxial layer functions as a first optical waveguide. The optical detection/modulation unit includes a second epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the first epitaxial layer to detect and modulate an optical signal. The second epitaxial layer functions as a second optical waveguide. The optical amplification unit includes the second optical waveguide and a third epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the second epitaxial layer to amplify an optical signal.

Abstract: Provided is an optical module used in a communication system employing a radio over fiber (ROF) technology delivering a radio frequency (RF) signal through an optical fiber. The optical module includes: an optical device; a signal line for transporting a radio frequency (RF) signal input from an external circuit to the optical device; and a resistor separately disposed from the signal line and having one end connected with the optical device, wherein the input impedance seen from the signal line is matched by the resistor. A bias voltage supplied to operate the optical device is applied through an inductor connected to the signal line between the optical device and a filter. Here, the filter formed by a pattern of the signal line prevents the bias voltage from being supplied to the external circuit. In order to amplify the RF signal input from the external circuit, an amplifier may be connected between the external circuit and the filter.

Abstract: Provided is an optical hybrid module in which an optical device, a filter, an amplifier and an antenna are hybrid-integrated, which includes: a silicon optical bench disposed on a substrate and having an optical fiber and an optical device; an amplifier disposed on the substrate and connected to the optical device disposed on the silicon optical bench to amplify a signal transmitted from the optical device; and an antenna disposed on the substrate to be connected to the amplifier and transmitting a signal amplified by the amplifier. Thus, a foot-print module may be embodied by disposing an antenna and a filter on a single- or multi-layer substrate and providing a bias required for the optical device and the amplifier through a solder ball. Also, due to the antenna and filter disposed on the substrate, an expensive connector is not needed, and thus a production costs can be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a reflection-type optical modulation module. According to the reflection-type optical modulation module, an anti-reflective thin film is formed on the optical input/output side surface of a waveguide to reduce optical coupling loss, and also a high-reflective thin film is formed on the opposite side surface to feed back a modulated optical signal. Thus, even when the length of an absorption layer is shortened, a sufficient optical path length is available, and it is possible to obtain a sufficient extinction ratio. Since the optical path length is sufficiently long despite a reduction in the length of the device, capacitance is reduced, and high-speed operation is enabled. In addition, only one lensed optical fiber for optical input and output is used, and thus it is possible to reduce production cost and the number of installation processes.

Abstract: Provided is an optical module including a microstrip line, a traveling wave type optical device positioned in the end of the microstrip line, and at least one balanced open stub connected to the microstrip line for the impedance matching at a specific frequency such as 40 GHz and 60 GHz. For the fine tuning, laser trimming can be applied to the stub. A transition region is formed between the optical device and the microstrip line. A termination resistor is formed to face the microstrip line with the optical device therebetween. A bandwidth can be controlled at a specific frequency by adjusting a number of the stubs or a value of the termination resistor.

Abstract: An electroabsorption (EA) duplexer in which an optical amplifier, a photodetector, and an optical modulator are monolithically integrated to obtain a high radio frequency (RF) gain in radio-over fiber (RoF) link optical transmission technology is provided. The EA duplexer includes a substrate, a separation area, an optical detection/modulation unit, and an optical amplification unit. The separation area includes a first epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the substrate. The first epitaxial layer functions as a first optical waveguide. The optical detection/modulation unit includes a second epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the first epitaxial layer to detect and modulate an optical signal. The second epitaxial layer functions as a second optical waveguide. The optical amplification unit includes the second optical waveguide and a third epitaxial layer formed of at least one material layer on the second epitaxial layer to amplify an optical signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electro-absorption optical modulator using a semiconductor device. The optical modulator makes use of a change in light absorption caused by displacement of an absorption curve depending on a bias voltage applied to the device. Here, a level of the light absorption depending on the bias voltage is expressed as a transfer function of output light to the applied bias, and the transfer function has a non-linear profile due to a characteristic of a material. Unlike signal modulation of a digital optical communication system, an analog optical transmission system can be subjected to deterioration in performance, because the non-linear characteristic of the transfer function for the optical modulator generates signal distortion when an electrical signal is converted into an optical signal. The typical optical modulator has an absorption layer constituted of quantum wells having the same width.

Abstract: A fiber-grating semiconductor laser with tunability is provided, which varies a output wavelength easily. The fiber-grating semiconductor laser with tunability is the hybrid integrated module on a substrate. It consists of a semiconductor laser as a gain medium and a Bragg-grating-written fiber held in a wavelength-tuning unit. (deletion) The wavelength-tuning unit can apply compression or elongation in the fiber grating for wavelength tunability.