Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a driving circuit area, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, a first transistor in the display area, and including a first semiconductor pattern layer formed as a semiconductor layer on the second insulating layer, a first gate electrode on the first semiconductor pattern layer, and a first lower electrode overlapping the first semiconductor pattern layer, and a second transistor in the driving circuit area, and including a second semiconductor pattern layer formed as the semiconductor layer, a second gate electrode on the second semiconductor pattern layer, and a second lower electrode overlapping the second semiconductor pattern layer, wherein the first lower electrode is between the substrate and the first insulating layer, and the second lower electrode is between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: Proposed are a freight replacement apparatus and a freight replacement method. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the freight replacement apparatus includes an automated loading part configured to load thereon a first freight and to move to a designated position, a transporting part configured to load thereon a second freight different from the first freight and to transfer the second freight, a buffer part disposed between the automated loading part and the transporting part, and a replacement part configured to replace the first freight and the second freight together with the buffer part. Therefore, damage to freight may be prevented, and a replacement speed between different freights may be increased.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a memory to record data received at random rate into a fixed rate and to reproduce the data recorded in a fixed rate includes a shuffle memory with a plurality of memory banks for recording and reproducing a digital data at a fixed rate and the smoothing memory is also allocated to a surplus region of the shuffle memory. By using a serial clock and a plurality of FIFOs, the data can be efficiently recorded and reproduced without collision.

Abstract: A Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) printer and printing method. The printer includes a user interface that allows a user, through a display, to select a fax note which is stored in memory, insert/remove fax headers, set margins, and input fax transmission instructions. The printer includes a memory that stores fax notes fax header insertion/removal instructions, and fax note margin instructions. The printer also includes a processor that initializes a fax modem and sets an environment for fax transmission to a receiving fax machine upon input of the fax transmission instructions. The processor also inserts and removes a fax header based on information stored in the header information flag when fax transmission is ready, reads fax header data and the fax note and margin information and generates bit map image data.

Abstract: A portable information terminal capable of updating a program using a PC card, and a method for updating a program using the same, are provided. The portable information terminal is capable of updating a pre-stored program using a card in which a new program to be updated and a utility program for performing an updating operation are stored. The terminal includes a card unit for reading or writing the new program and the utility program stored in the card, a program storage unit for replacing the pre-stored program with the new program stored in the card and storing the new program, a memory for temporarily storing the new program and the utility program read by the card unit, and a controller for controlling the execution of the utility program stored in the memory so that the new program stored in the memory can be stored in the program storage unit. Thus, a program is correctly updated without an additional special device.

Abstract: A video signal recording and reproducing apparatus for a digital video cassette tape recorder by which it is possible to judge the transmission amount of the digital data inputted from a digital source, the type of the video tape, and whether or not the tape is recorded in accordance with the judgment result, for thus automatically controlling a recording mode and a reproducing mode, which includes a tape type detector for judging a tape type in accordance with a recordable wavelength of the video tape on which a digital signal is recorded; a data rate detector for detecting and judging a data transfer rate of a digital signal, and a controller for varying a recording or reproducing speed in accordance with the judged tape type and the data transfer rate of the digital signal.

Abstract: An improved speed change reproduction recording apparatus for a VCR of an HDTV and a method thereof capable of achieving a better resolution during a speed change reproduction operation which includes a normal reproduction bit stream processing unit for converting an HDTV bit stream into a VCR recording format and for outputting a normal reproduction bit stream; a system decoder for separating a video bit stream from a transmission layer of the HDTV bit stream; a video stream processing unit for extracting a speed change reproduction data from a video bit stream separated by the system decoder and for converting the thusly extracted speed change reproduction data into a format of a video syntax; a system encoder for reformatting a speed change reproduction data outputted from the video bit stream processing unit into a transport packet which is a transmission standard in accordance with a header information outputted from the system decoder; a recording format processing unit for converting a speed change rep

Abstract: An improved video signal recording and reproducing apparatus for a digital video cassette tape recorder by which it is possible to divide, record and reproduce a digital video signal on a low density video tape into multiple tracks based on the amount of data recordable on one track of a high density video tape by controlling a recording/reproducing speed and a tape running speed in accordance with a judgement of the type of the video tape having a predetermined recordable wavelength. The apparatus includes a detector for detecting the type of the video tape in accordance with a recordable wavelength of the video tape, a judgement section for judging the type of the tape by receiving a detected tape type signal from the detector, and a controller for controlling a recording and reproducing speed in accordance with the judged tape type.