Abstract: A communication system retrieves profile data corresponding to a user profile of a second user, identifies a status message in the profile data, display, via a user interface of the instant messenger application, the status message; in response to receiving, via the user interface, a user input associated with the status message: query, based on the status message, a database to identify one or more items, and display, via the user interface of the instant messenger application, item data corresponding to the one or more items, receive, via the user interface, a user input associated with the one or more items, instantiate a transaction authentication of the one or more items by causing transmission of transaction information data associated with the first user, and cause, based on the transaction authentication of the one or more items, delivery of the one or more items to an account of the second user.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a terminal. The method includes determining a profile item applicable to the profile view for the account based on an input received by the terminal and a coordinate indicating a position where the profile item is provided on the profile view. The method includes displaying the profile item on a screen of the terminal based on the determined profile item and the determined coordinate. The method includes receiving an input related to the profile item, and displaying a visual effect corresponding to the input on the screen.

Abstract: A resonant coil coupled with an electromagnetic field is disclosed. A Fraunhofer resonant coil includes an upper spiral element and a lower spiral element, an upper conical element connected to the upper spiral element and including one or more layers formed of a plurality of plies, a lower conical element connected to the lower spiral element and including one or more layers formed of a plurality of plies, and a feeding device connected to a gap between the upper conical element and the lower conical element and configured to supply power.

Abstract: A display device includes a first semiconductor layer disposed on a substrate; a first insulating layer disposed on the first semiconductor layer; a scan line disposed on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer on the scan line; an inverted scan line on the second insulating layer; a third insulating layer disposed on the inverted scan line; a second semiconductor layer disposed on the third insulating layer; a fourth insulating layer disposed on the second semiconductor layer; an initializing voltage line disposed on the fourth insulating layer and overlapping the scan line; a first transistor including a channel disposed in the first semiconductor layer and receiving a gate signal through the scan line; and a second transistor including a channel disposed in the second semiconductor layer and receiving a gate signal through the inverted scan line.

Abstract: A method and a biomarker for detecting of acute kidney injury is provided, wherein the method of the present comprises the following steps: detecting a soluble form of hemojuvelin in a sample obtained from a subject, wherein when the soluble form of hemojuvelin is present in the sample, the subject is identified as having acute kidney injury.

Abstract: The present invention relates to none return to zero (NRZ) modulation method. The NRZ optical modulation is performed by combining a clock signal and NRZ data at a sending end and signal distortion capable of being generated when the clock signal and the NRZ data are combined is optimized by controlling the magnitude and phase of the clock signal. At the receiving end, the clock signal is extracted by performing narrow band band-pass filtering of the detected optical signal transmitted from a transmitter and data is recovered using the clock signal. Therefore, a receiver structure for clock extraction is simpler, an error rate of data recovery is lower by clearly extracting the clock signal, and transmission distance of the optical signal is longer.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for all-optically controlling both a gain and a gain flattening. The apparatus includes: a first amplifier automatically controlling a gain of the apparatus through a feedback loop while amplifying a received optical signal; a fixed gain flattening unit receiving the amplified optical signal from the first amplifier and compensating for the gain according to a wavelength of the received optical signal; and a second amplifier automatically controlling the gain through a feedback loop while amplifying the optical signal input from the fixed gain flattening unit. Accordingly, even if the number of channels of an input WDM optical signal varies, both of a gain and a gain flattening can be all-optically controlled.

Abstract: Provided are an integrated dielectric resonator filter and a clock extraction device using the integrated dielectric resonator filter. The integrated dielectric resonator filter includes: a microwave substrate; a disc type dielectric resonator installed on the microwave substrate and having predetermined diameter and height; an input and output transmission line installed on both sides of the disc type dielectric resonator to transmit input and output signals; and a metal cover enclosing the disc type dielectric resonator to form a predetermined volume, opened toward the input and output transmission line, and closed in an orthogonal direction to the input and output transmission line.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extracting an optical clock signal are provided. The apparatus includes a first reflection filter selecting and reflecting only a first frequency component in an input optical signal; a first Fabry-Perot laser diode matching the first frequency component reflected by the first reflection filter with a predetermined output mode and outputting the first frequency component in the predetermined output mode; a second Fabry-Perot laser diode selecting a second frequency component in an input optical signal that has not been reflected but has been transmitted by the first reflection filter, matching the second frequency component with a predetermined output mode, and outputting the second frequency component in the predetermined output mode; and a photodetector receiving the first frequency component from the first Fabry-Perot laser diode and the second frequency component from the second Fabry-Perot laser diode and beating them to extract a clock signal.

Abstract: A multi-channel data verifying apparatus and method are provided. The apparatus includes a receiver receiving N data channels and a deskew channel generated by sequentially extracting a predetermined data bit from the each of N data channels, and a deskew channel error detector detecting whether the deskew channel received by the receiver corresponds to an expected deskew channel generated and stored based on the test signal or generated based on the previously received deskew channel. Accordingly, data channels, a deskew channel and the entire data capacity can be verified and thus the cause of a problem in the transmission and reception of multi-channel data can be identified in advance.

Abstract: Provided are a time-division data multiplexing/demultiplexing system and method capable of preventing errors in processing data signals which occur due to a phase difference between data signals and a multiplexing reference clock in a multiplexing process or a phase difference between a multiplexed data signal and a demultiplexing reference clock in a demultiplexing process. The time-division data multiplexing system includes: a phase adjusting unit which adjusts a phase of each of a plurality of data signals having different phases from one another for enabling the data signals to be time-division multiplexed when a plurality of values of the data signals indicate a stable state; and a multiplexer time-division multiplexing the phase adjusted data signals according to a multiplexing reference clock.

Abstract: An optical amplification apparatus having a function of flattening a channel output spectrum is provided.

Abstract: An optical transmission system for removing skew between optical channels is provided. The optical transmission system comprises an optical signal transmitter and an optical signal receiver. The optical transmitter inserts serial numbers into an overhead of a frame, delays the frame by a time corresponding to skew information transmitted from an opposite optical transmission system, and transmits the frame. The optical signal receiver receives the frame from the opposite optical transmission system via fiber optics, removes skew existing in the received frame in units of both a byte and a frame by referring to the serial numbers stored in the overhead of the frame, and transmits the skew information collected when the skew is removed, to the opposite optical transmission system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical transmitter for generating a duobinary Carrier Suppressed Return-to-Zero (CSRZ) optical signal and a CSRZ-Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) optical signal for use in an optical communication system. The optical transmitter includes a data encoder, an electric mixer and a single Mach-Zehnder interferometer type external, and is capable of reducing the optical spectrum bandwidth of the optical signal using electrical band limiting and reducing the optical signal distortion caused by Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) in an optical fiber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to none return to zero (NRZ) modulation method. The NRZ optical modulation is performed by combining a clock signal and NRZ data at a sending end and signal distortion capable of being generated when the clock signal and the NRZ data are combined is optimized by controlling the magnitude and phase of the clock signal. At the receiving end, the clock signal is extracted by performing narrow band band-pass filtering of the detected optical signal transmitted from a transmitter and data is recovered using the clock signal. Therefore, a receiver structure for clock extraction is simpler, an error rate of data recovery is lower by clearly extracting the clock signal, and transmission distance of the optical signal is longer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring an optical signal are provided. In the apparatus, a polarization adjusting unit converts the state of polarization of an optical signal. A polarization beam splitter splits the optical signal into a first polarization component and a second polarization component perpendicular to each other. An optical intensity measuring unit measures the optical intensity of the first polarization component. A feedback control unit controls the polarization adjusting unit so that the first and second polarization components are aligned to the two axes of the polarization beam splitter. A scrambler scrambles the optical signal input to the transmission optical fiber. According to the apparatus and method, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) can be measured accurately.