Abstract: A selector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an ion supply layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the first electrode and doped with a metal, wherein the doped metal diffuses toward the second electrode; a switching layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the second electrode, wherein the doped metal diffuses from the ion supply layer into the switching layer so that metal concentration distribution inside the switching layer is changed to generate metal filaments; and a diffusion control layer inserted between the ion supply layer and the switching layer, wherein the diffusion control layer serves to adjust electrical characteristics related to the generated metal filaments as the amount of the diffusing metal is adjusted in proportion to a thickness of the diffusion control layer.

Abstract: An example image forming apparatus includes a main body, a toner refilling portion, and a controller. On the main body, a development cartridge is mounted. The toner refilling portion is connected to the development cartridge and a toner refill cartridge inserted through a communicating portion of the main body and thus receives, from the toner refill cartridge, authentication information obtained from the toner refill cartridge, thereby adjusting a toner inflow from the toner refill cartridge to the development cartridge. A controller determines whether to allow a toner refill using the toner refill cartridge based on the authentication information obtained from the toner refill cartridge and authentication information obtained from the image forming apparatus and controls the toner refilling portion according to a determination result.

Abstract: An example image forming apparatus includes a mainbody, a toner refilling portion, and a controller. On the mainbody, a development cartridge is mounted. The toner refilling portion is connected to the development cartridge and a toner refill cartridge inserted through a communicating portion of the main body and thus receives, from the toner refill cartridge, authentication information obtained from the toner refill cartridge, thereby adjusting a toner inflow from the toner refill cartridge to the development cartridge. A controller determines whether to allow a toner refill using the toner refill cartridge based on the authentication information obtained from the toner refill cartridge and authentication information obtained from the image forming apparatus and controls the toner refilling portion according to a determination result.

Abstract: A block for decorating an outer wall or an inner wall in construction work and a construction method for bricklaying work, and more particularly, to a wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein and a method of constructing a wall using the same, wherein frames, which are integrally formed with beams, slabs, and pillars of a building to serve as a frame structure, are fixed and mounted, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove or protrusion is formed on inner surfaces of the mounted frames, and blocks and intermediate blocks, in which an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove or protrusion is formed, are laid on the frames, thereby solving a disadvantage of bricklaying work in that it is vulnerable to horizontal vibration and improving seismic performance.

Abstract: A block for decorating an outer wall or an inner wall in construction work and a construction method for bricklaying work, and more particularly, to a wall structure using blocks and frames each having a wedge-shaped coupling part formed therein and a method of constructing a wall using the same, wherein frames, which are integrally formed with beams, slabs, and pillars of a building to serve as a frame structure, are fixed and mounted, an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove or protrusion is formed on inner surfaces of the mounted frames, and blocks and intermediate blocks, in which an isosceles triangular wedge-shaped concave groove or protrusion is formed, are laid on the frames, thereby solving a disadvantage of bricklaying work in that it is vulnerable to horizontal vibration and improving seismic performance.

Abstract: A method of tuning a controller area network (CAN) communication model includes: measuring a CAN signal waveform, dividing the CAN signal waveform into a steady period and a dynamic period, determining a parameter for the steady period, determining a parameter for the dynamic period, modeling a CAN line using the parameter for the steady period and the parameter for the dynamic period, and performing error analysis on the CAN line.

Abstract: A method of tuning a controller area network (CAN) communication model includes: measuring a CAN signal waveform, dividing the CAN signal waveform into a steady period and a dynamic period, determining a parameter for the steady period, determining a parameter for the dynamic period, modeling a CAN line using the parameter for the steady period and the parameter for the dynamic period, and performing error analysis on the CAN line.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to support a near field communication (NFC) function receives address book information stored in a user terminal by tagging the user terminal, and generates a quick menu in which image forming functions related to the received address book information are listed and displays the quick menu on a user interface unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to support a near field communication (NFC) function receives address book information stored in a user terminal by tagging the user terminal, and generates a quick menu in which image forming functions related to the received address book information are listed and displays the quick menu on a user interface unit.

Abstract: An image forming method and apparatus, the image forming method including: requesting networked image forming apparatuses to perform a user authorization; receiving account information corresponding to the user authorization request, from one of the image forming apparatuses; determining whether to perform an image forming operation, based on the received account information; and performing the predetermined image forming operation, according to the determination.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which is connected to at least one host device. The image forming apparatus includes a communication interface unit which communicates with the at least one host device; a user interface (UI) unit which provides information received from the at least one host device; and a control unit which receives information on one or more printable files, among a plurality of files currently being executed by the at least one host device, by accessing the at least one host device in accordance with a user command and provides the received printable file information. The received printable file information can be displayed and printed at the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming method and apparatus, the image forming method including: requesting networked image forming apparatuses to perform a user authorization; receiving account information corresponding to the user authorization request, from one of the image forming apparatuses; determining whether to perform an image forming operation, based on the received account information; and performing the predetermined image forming operation, according to the determination.

Abstract: A method of controlling an image forming apparatus connected to at least one server on a network. The method includes receiving an edit command for image data stored in the server from a user, and controlling the image data to be edited according to the edit command.

Abstract: An adaptive quantization controller and methods thereof are provided. In an example method, motion prediction may be performed on at least one frame included in an input frame based on a reference frame. A prediction error may be generated as a difference value between the input frame and the reference frame. An activity value may be computed based on a received macroblock, the received macroblock associated with one of the input frame and the prediction error. A quantization parameter may be generated by multiplying a reference quantization parameter by a normalization value of the computed activity value. In another example method, an input frame including an I frame may be received and motion prediction for the I frame may be performed based at least in part on information extracted from one or more previous input frames. In a further example, the adaptive quantization controller may perform the above-described example methods.