Abstract: A process for maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic module, which includes monitoring the module's degradation by: for a periodicity n1?t0 with n1>1 constant or variable, steps of measuring parameters I and V of the module for points offset in voltage voltage VMPP+? and VMPP?? over the curve I(V) relative to the maximum power point MPP, calculating the slope dI/dV+ at the point VMPP+? and the slope dI/dV? at the point and VMPP?? and recording of the data with the MPP; for a periodicity n2?t0 with n2?n1 of > of steps of measuring values I and V by sweeping the curve I(V) and calculating and storing the module's parameters and values; one or several steps of calculating, tracing and displaying of (p/2) curves of data pairs based on p measured and calculated parameters; and one or more steps of detecting degradation from the measured and calculated parameters.

Abstract: A method for maximizing the current produced by a bifacial photovoltaic solar module including a plurality of cells, each having at least two stacked and series-connected junctions, the module being capable of orientation and including a device for driving its orientation with respect to the sun. The method includes an algorithm including measuring the module's irradiance at the upper face (Ai) on its upper photoactive face, reflective irradiance (Ar) on its lower photoactive face in its initial orientation, and initial current I from the irradiances Ai and Ar, and calculating currents Ijg generated by the stacked junctions from the cells' physical characteristics and I, calculating an optimized theoretical orientation for which equalization and maximization of the theoretical currents Ijtmax is obtained, and positioning the module in the theoretical orientation when an imbalance between Ijtmax and Ijg is greater than a threshold value dIjmax. A module designed for this method.

Abstract: A lifetime optimization method for a two-sided photovoltaic module, which includes at least one multi-junction stack, where the stack's first junction layer is on the module's first side, which is exposed to the sun at the beginning of the module's life in the module's base position, and the stack's last junction layer is arranged under the module's second side, which receives diffused and reflected light and light passed through the stack. The method includes measuring the full module's output power (PFM); calculating an estimated output power for the last junction layer (PLL) as a function of the first irradiance in the module's turned over position, where the second side becomes its upper side; comparing the estimated PLL with the PFM when the first side is the upper side and recommending turning over the module when the base position's PFM becomes less than the turned over position's estimated PLL.