Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a semiconductor is disclosed. The apparatus has a curved mirror with a reflective surface of revolution, and a point source generating an irradiation beam being incident on the curved mirror along an incident direction. The curved mirror and the point source form a system having an axis of revolution wherein the point source is provided on or near said axis of revolution. The axis of revolution substantially coincides with a straight line projection to be generated on a semiconductor substrate. Additionally, the use of such an apparatus for manufacturing a selective emitter grid, or for irradiating a large area semiconductor surface in a scanning movement, is disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a digital internal amplified voltage of power management circuitry is forced to an input threshold voltage upon a determination that a set of emergency conditions is satisfied, and is set to an input minimum battery voltage upon a determination that the set of emergency conditions is not satisfied. The emergency conditions may include determining that a battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage and determining that an input minimum battery voltage is less than an input threshold voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a digital internal amplified voltage of power management circuitry is forced to an input threshold voltage upon a determination that a set of emergency conditions is satisfied, and is set to an input minimum battery voltage upon a determination that the set of emergency conditions is not satisfied. The emergency conditions may include determining that a battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage and determining that an input minimum battery voltage is less than an input threshold voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a semiconductor is disclosed. The apparatus has a curved mirror with a reflective surface of revolution, and a point source generating an irradiation beam being incident on the curved mirror along an incident direction. The curved mirror and the point source form a system having an axis of revolution wherein the point source is provided on or near said axis of revolution. The axis of revolution substantially coincides with a straight line projection to be generated on a semiconductor substrate. Additionally, the use of such an apparatus for manufacturing a selective emitter grid, or for irradiating a large area semiconductor surface in a scanning movement, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing, by suspension polymerization, dielectric copolymers, including injecting an initial mixture of constituent monomers into an autoclave at constant temperature and pressure, wherein the mixture of constituent monomers including vinylidene difluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and a monomer 2 to 10 times more reactive than VDF and TrFE; and continuously reinjecting at constant pressure, as soon as the reaction is initiated and throughout the duration of polymerization, a second mixture of the constituent monomers, wherein the molar composition of the initial mixture and the second mixture are determined by calculation, in a manner known of itself, taking into account the desired molar composition of the copolymer and the higher reactivity of the third monomer.

Abstract: A multi-voltage multiplexer system includes multiple voltage inputs, each voltage input providing a different input voltage, and multiple control inputs operative to select one of the input voltages for output. Each of multiple transistors is connected to a different one of the voltage inputs and to a different one of the control inputs, and the transistors are connected to an output such that the selected input voltage is provided at the output. A bulk of each of the transistors is connected together to form a bulk network, and the bulk network is connected to the gate of each transistor such that the transistors connected to non-selected voltage inputs have gates set at approximately the maximum of the input voltages.

Abstract: A device for exchanging heat for motor vehicles, having at least one first component connected to an electrical power supply and whose temperature varies dependent on current flowing through the component, at least one second component including at least one first and at least one second part element each of which are at least indirectly conductively connected to the first component, wherein at least one part element includes a first connecting means and at least one electrical contact means which is at least indirectly conductively connected to at least one part element of at least one second component and serves to connect an electrical power supply wherein the contact means includes at least one second connecting means.

Abstract: A multi-voltage multiplexer system includes multiple voltage inputs, each voltage input providing a different input voltage, and multiple control inputs operative to select one of the input voltages for output. Each of multiple transistors is connected to a different one of the voltage inputs and to a different one of the control inputs, and the transistors are connected to an output such that the selected input voltage is provided at the output. A bulk of each of the transistors is connected together to form a bulk network, and the bulk network is connected to the gate of each transistor such that the transistors connected to non-selected voltage inputs have gates set at approximately the maximum of the input voltages.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing, by suspension polymerization, dielectric copolymers, including injecting an initial mixture of constituent monomers into an autoclave at constant temperature and pressure, wherein the mixture of constituent monomers including vinylidene difluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and a monomer 2 to 10 times more reactive than VDF and TrFE; and continuously reinjecting at constant pressure, as soon as the reaction is initiated and throughout the duration of polymerization, a second mixture of the constituent monomers, wherein the molar composition of the initial mixture and the second mixture are determined by calculation, in a manner known of itself, taking into account the desired molar composition of the copolymer and the higher reactivity of the third monomer.

Abstract: A device for exchanging heat for motor vehicles, having at least one first component connected to an electrical power supply and whose temperature varies dependent on current flowing through the component, at least one second component including at least one first and at least one second part element each of which are at least indirectly conductively connected to the first component, wherein at least one part element includes a first connecting means and at least one electrical contact means which is at least indirectly conductively connected to at least one part element of at least one second component and serves to connect an electrical power supply wherein the contact means includes at least one second connecting means.

Abstract: A plug socket is provided for electrically connecting a cable or the like having a stripped wire portion with a flat plug. The plug socket comprises a sleeve portion having an approximately U-shaped cross sectional configuration and having side walls that are bent inwardly and between which a flat plug is insertable from one end. The plug socket also comprises a crimp portion that is provided with first and second clamping strips, wherein the first clamping strip is provided for crimping the conductive stripped wire portion of the cable, and the second clamping strip is provided for crimping insulation of the cable. In the vicinity of the first clamping strip, a hook-shaped projection is provided that, depending on its position, during crimping forms a receiving area for an end portion or a longitudinal side of a free edge of the first clamping strip.

Abstract: The device allows to compensate for the aberrations of the collimating and combining holographic optics by using a simplified scheme for the relay optics. Said relay optics comprises six lenses and a window; it is terminated at each end by a plane side and is disposed in a case. Said relay optics and the holographic optical element are determined taking into account average data for the thickness and curvature of the windshield. The accurate compensation for the windshield deviations is made at a closing glass plate whose thickness is varied. The Folding optical element is a simple reflecting plane mirror and has no correcting effect, which permits the translation along the optical axis of said relay optics and the cathode-ray tube generating the luminous image to be collimated.

Abstract: The device includes a source of white images, a liquid crystal matrix to control the hue and a liquid crystal matrix to control the saturation of the images displayed.

Abstract: The system is designed to be mounted in a air pilot's helmet. It uses a confocal assembly with a first parabolic mirror and a second parabolic mirror, placed downline of a collimation objective which gives a collimated radiation. The first mirror is totally reflective and the second mirror is semi-transparent to simultaneously transmit, by reflection, the collimated radiation and, by transparency, for example the view of the external landscape. These two mirrors are integrated into the ends of a plate with two parallel faces. The collimated radiation penetrates the plate by one of the parallel faces, gets reflected on the first mirror, undergoes a succession of total reflections on the parallel faces and then gets reflected on the second mirror before leaving the plate, still doing so through one of the two faces.

Abstract: In an optical device for determining parameters that give the orientation of any solid within a given space, a first solid is fitted with at least one single-beam device producing a beam of light rays substantially parallel to a direction u.sub.i known in a coordinate system R.sub.s bound to the first solid, said beam of light rays containing an item of information that enables direction u.sub.i to be determined, and a second solid is fitted with at least one elementary sensor capable of picking up light rays originating substantially from a direction parallel to V.sub.j known in a coordinate system R.sub.o ; each sensor includes means for reading the information in the beam it has picked up when directions u.sub.i and V.sub.j correspond and the information thus read is processed to extract the parameters giving the orientation of coordinate system R.sub.s relative to coordinate system R.sub.o.

Abstract: In an optical device for the display of light data collimated to infinity, an image generator associated with a collimation optical device gives the eye an image collimated to infinity. The light source that illuminates the image generator is controlled so that the position of its illuminating part is such that it gives a narrow beam with an image of this illuminating part centered on the pupil of the eye. This is possible by means of an oculometer that determines the coordinates of the center of the pupil of the eye and delivers a signal enabling an automatic control circuit to adjust the position of the illuminating part of the source accordingly. The device can be applied to pilots' helmets for the display of data overlaid on the landscape.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optic device designed to enable an observer to look simultaneously at what is normally in his visual field and at a collimated image that is introduced so as to be superimposed on his visual field. The optic device has a plate with parallel faces in which the light rays coming from an image generator, through an access point, get propagated by total reflection on the parallel faces. A slab, formed by a stacking of plane mirrors, reconcentrates the light rays and directs them towards two successive, semi-reflecting mirrors which reflect them partially towards the observation pupil. The semi-reflecting mirrors are in the visual field of an observer's eye placed at the observation pupil.

Abstract: The visor makes it possible to obtain in binocular vision a large field of 60.degree. in the vertical plane and 120.degree. in the horizontal plane. In the case of each monocular vision channel, the visor is constituted by: an image generator such as a miniature cathode-ray tube, for example; an optical relay device; a collimation and combination optical system in which are grouped together a holographic mixing plate for transmitting the landscape channel and reflecting the image channel and a biconvex combining device formed by two holographic spherical optical elements employed on the axis for transmitting the two channels with collimation by diffraction of the image channel. A circular axial zone of zero photometric efficiency is produced in the case of each monocular vision channel and compensated by overlapping of the fields in binocular vision and, in a complementary manner, by the construction of mirror holograms providing variable index modulation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical device designed to enable an observer to look simultaneously at what is normally in his field of vision and at a colllimated image introduced so as to be superimposed on his field of vision, by total reflections in a strip with parallel faces forming an optical guide. This introduction of a superimposed image is done by means of successive, parallel semi-reflecting panels positioned in the strip and treated so as to be reflective at angles of incidence that get ever smaller with distance from the generator that gives the image. The outside scene is seen, by transparency, through the panels. This device especially concerns helmets for pilots in the field of aeronautics.

Abstract: The optical mixer disclosed enables, through optic fibers, a precise superimposition, in a plane of observation, of identical elementary images with distinct chrominance values. It comprises n (n being a whole number greater than 1) display devices to form n monochrome elementary images with different chrominance values on n screens using one and the same original image, and an optical mixing device formed by optic fibers which may be arranged in sheets. These sheets are ordered to form groups of n fibers wherein the fibers of one and the same group terminate, at their first end, respectively at the n screens, in dots of the elementary images corresponding to the same dot of the original image and terminate, at their second end, in the plane of observation, substantially in a dot corresponding to the dot considered, for the group of the original image.