Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display (LCD) having a thin film transistor for each liquid crystal cell, capable of decreasing attenuation off a video signal in each pixel. The active matrix type LCD has a number of liquid crystal pixels disposed in a matrix form each having a switching thin film transistor, a common drive unit for applying a row select signal to the gate of each of the switching thin film transistors of the liquid crystal pixels on the same row, and a segment drive unit for selectively applying one of the video signal and a constant bias signal to the source of each of the switching thin film transistors of the liquid crystal pixels on the same column.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathodoluminescent display which uses guided electrons and a control process for such display. The display is in matrix form, an image or picture point or dot being formed at each row-column intersection. Opposite the columns, outside the image dots, a source continuously emits electrons. As a function of the signal which it receives, a column electrode guides up to the selected row the electrons emitted opposite it, or drives them back to the source. The guidance column electrodes are covered by an electrically insulating layer, the guidance of the electrons taking place in a vacuum in the immediate vicinity of the insulant perpendicular to the guidance electrodes.

Abstract: Ionomer resin sheet is stretched in one direction in the plane of sheet to give uniaxial anisotropy, and then heated above the melting point under pressure to cause relaxation of the anisotropy. After cooling, a sheet of biaxial anisotropy is obtained. The degree of anisotropy depends on the initial stretching, heating temperature, heating time and pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal layer, a pair of substrates holding the liquid crystal layer therebetween and having two sets of crossed electrodes formed thereon, a pair of crossed polarizers provided outside the substrates and having polarization axes parallel to the electrodes respectively, and an orientation means for making the liquid crystal molecules orient to the intermediate direction of the crossed polarizers at the commencement of voltage application. The orientation means is selected form pretilt, fringe electric field, combinations thereof, etc. In the beginning of voltage application, no leakage light is generated even if the liquid crystal molecules are tilted by a fringe electric field in the vicinity of the edges of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical compensator sheet comprising the steps of providing a sheet of ionomer, which ionomer is bridged with sodium or magnesium ions, stretching said sheet of ionomer along one direction in the plane of sheet, so as to generate uni-axial optical anisotropy of predetermined amount having an optical axis along the stretched direction, sandwiching said stretched sheet of ionomer between a pair of substrates, putting said sandwiched sheet in an evacuatable heat-resisting bag, evacuating and sealing said bag, loading said bag in an autoclave furnace and applying heat and pressure to said sheet in said autoclave furnace at a temperature not less than the melting point of the sheet. The stretched sheet has a positive optical anisotropy along the stretched direction. The sheet after heat and pressure treatment has a negative optical anisotropy along the normal to the sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix display provided with a coupling compensation device between the rows and columns. The matrix display comprises a material, whose optical characteristic can be modified, said material being interposed between a group of row electrodes and a group of column electrodes, whose intersections X.sub.i Y.sub.j are the addressable points of the matrix display. It also comprises at least one compensation electrode and means for raising said compensation electrode to an appropriate potential for eliminating parasitic charges appearing on the row electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sequential control process for a matrix display using the cholesteric - nematic phase transition effect of a liquid crystal. This process consists of sequentially applying to the columns of electrodes of the display, a blanking signal followed by an addressing signal, the rows of electrodes of said display being addressed in parallel, in order to obtain the displayed or undisplayed state of the liquid crystal, followed by the sequential application of an addressing signal to the rows of electrodes, the columns of electrodes being addressed in parallel, in order to maintain the displayed or undisplayed state of the liquid crystal, while significantly improving the contrast.

Abstract: Control process for a matrix display comprising a material, whereof an optical property is to be modified, said material being placed between a first group of p parallel electrode rows and a second group of q parallel electrode columns, the rows and columns crossing one another, an area ij of the material being defined by the region of the material covered by row i, in which i is an integer such that 1.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.p, and by the column j, in which j is an integer such that 1.ltoreq.j.ltoreq.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix display device with a plurality of sets of electrodes as well as to the process for controlling the same.The device comprises two insulating walls and by a material having a plurality of zones distributed in matrix-like manner and inserted between a first system of electrodes covering one of the two walls and defining p control columns and a second system of electrodes covering the other wall, constituted by parallel conductive strips, and defining q control lines, the column x.sub.i in which i is an integer such that 1.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.p and row y.sub.j in which j is an integer such that 1.ltoreq.j.ltoreq.q defining a zone x.sub.i y.sub.j of the material. The first system is constituted by a solid layer of electrodes and n sets of electrodes, which are electrically insulated from one another. The electrodes of this system being grouped in such a way that each group of electrodes corresponds to a single control row.

Abstract: A matrix display device having two groups of row electrodes and a process for the control thereof. This device is constituted by two insulating walls made from a material having several zones distributed in matrix-like manner, a first group of p rows of parallel electrodes covering one of the walls and a second group of q columns of parallel electrodes covering the other wall. A zone x.sub.i y.sub.j is defined by the overlap of row x.sub.i and column y.sub.j in which i varies from l to p and j from l to q. The said device also comprises a third group of p rows of electrodes, identical to the first group and placed on the second group, while being electrically insulated from the latter by an insulating layer.

Abstract: Process for the control of an optical characteristic of a material intercalated between two electrodes to which are applied excitation signals, wherein in order to bring about an excitation of the material a series of elementary signals is applied to the electrodes for increasing periods of time, each elementary signal either being equal to a constant or zero, all these elementary signals constituting a decomposition of the desired excitation into a given base.An application is in the field of optoelectronics and more particularly in the control of liquid crystal cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for positioning the liquid medium in a liquid medium cell and to a corresponding cell.The cell comprises a liquid medium placed between two walls kept spaced from one another, e.g. by shims, and joined along the edge thereof, wherein it comprises first means for producing a first surface tension force in a first area and second means for producing a second surface tension force in a second area, the first surface tension force being higher the the second surface tension force, said means serving to correctly position the liquid medium between the two walls, the liquid medium then being located in the first area and outside the second area.