Abstract: Device for emission-reception of a stream of electromagnetic waves, in which an emission unit (1) and a reception unit (2) are each supplied with light energy passing through an optical guide (13). This light may be stopped by an optical gate (19). Otherwise, it reaches a micro-laser (4) that illuminates a photo-conducting sheet (5) on which an antenna (3) is located. The portions (6, 7) of the emitter antenna (3) at different potentials are then short circuited and a stream of electromagnetic waves is emitted. The wave stream passes through a medium to be studied and is returned to the receiving unit (2) in which it is sampled, recorded and analyzed to determine the composition of the medium through which it had passed. The wave stream has a wide frequency band and the opto-electronic device can be used to make a very compact system.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating a material by thermoionic effect with a view to modifying its physicochemical properties.The apparatus comprises a substrate having first and second opposite faces, the first face being covered with a dopant film and being positionable facing the material, while maintaining a space between the film and the material; a source producing a collimated, pulsed laser beam having a given wavelength, directed onto the second face of the substrate which is transparent to said wavelength, said laser beam being able to interact with the dopant film for forming dopant ions by explosive vaporization of the dopant; and electrical means for producing simultaneously with the laser pulse an electric field in said space for accelerating the dopant ions with a view to their thermoionic implantation in the material.Application to the treatment of metals and alloys.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the amorphous growth of an element with crystallization under radiation.An element is deposited on a support contained in an enclosure under a vacuum in known manner and simultaneously one or more predetermined surfaces of the layer deposited on the support are irradiated, said irradiation being obtained by a coherent electromagnetic irradiation radiation beam having a power and wavelength suitable for desorbing said surfaces.

Abstract: Panoramic detector of ions spatially distributed in different beams, comprising a plane symmetry diaphragm having an opening permitting the passage of the beams and which is brought to earth potential, an electrode for converting ions into electrons having an opening facing the diaphragm opening, the conversion electrode having the same plane of plane symmetry and being brought to a negative potential relative to the earth potential, and a planar electrode facing the conversion electrode and brought to a positive potential relative to the potential of the conversion electrode, the face of the conversion electrode facing the planar electrode having a predetermined shape in such a way that the electron beams formed retain the same spatial distribution as the beams of ion to be detected in the presence of an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regulating the impact on a target of a light beam emitted by a source. The position and dimension of the impact are regulated by respectively using two beams, whose optical paths are coaxial.

Abstract: Mass spectrograph comprising an ion source, means for analyzing the ions emitted by this source and a panoramic ion detector, wherein the analysis means are of the type with magnetic separation and measurement of the time of flight and the ion source is a pulsed source.The panoramic ion detector comprises an ion inlet diaphragm, means facing the diaphragm which permit the conversion of ions into electrons, means facing the means for converting the ions into electrons and permitting the conversion of electrons into photons, a photon detector facing the means for converting the electrons into photons and photon guidance means located between the means for converting electrons into photons and the photon detector whereby the photon guidance means have a monoblock structure.

Abstract: Panoramic detector for ions spatially distributed in different beams, wherein it comprises a diaphragm with plane symmetry having an opening permitting the passage of said beams, said diaphragm being brought into a given potential, an accelerating electrode having an opening facing the opening in the diaphragm, said accelerating electrode having a plane symmetry and being brought to a negative potential compared with that of the diaphragm and a plane electrode facing the accelerating electrode and brought to a negative potential compared with that of the diaphragm, the absolute value of the potential of the plane electrode being greater than the absolute value of the potential of the accelerating electrode.