Abstract: In the present invention an alkali vapor cell is proposed comprising a sealed chamber enclosing an alkali atomic gas therein and having at least one optically transparent window. The chamber and the transparent window define an optical beam path through which a light beam can pass and which interacts with the alkali atomic gas in the chamber. The alkali vapor cell comprises at least one localized condensation area of alkali atoms at a predetermined location in the sealed chamber and the predetermined location is located inside or outside the optical beam path. The localized condensation area has higher alkali metal wettability than any other surface portion of the alkali vapor cell outside said localized condensation area.

Abstract: In the present invention an alkali vapor cell is proposed comprising a sealed chamber enclosing an alkali atomic gas therein and having at least one optically transparent window. The chamber and the transparent window define an optical beam path through which a light beam can pass and which interacts with the alkali atomic gas in the chamber. The alkali vapor cell comprises at least one localized condensation area of alkali atoms at a predetermined location in the sealed chamber and the predetermined location is located inside or outside the optical beam path. The localized condensation area has higher alkali metal wettability than any other surface portion of the alkali vapor cell outside said localized condensation area.

Abstract: A method for post-harvest treating citrus fruit includes a step of washing citrus fruit, the step of washing citrus fruit including: a) a step of bringing water into contact with citrus fruit; b) a step of electrolyzing the water which has been brought into contact with citrus fruit; and c) a step of using the electrolyzed water as washing water of the citrus fruit.

Abstract: A method for in situ self-calibrating of an electrochemical sensor for measuring the concentration of one or more species in an aqueous medium. The method includes: taking a first measurement of the current of a working electrode representative of the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the medium, applying an anode current of predetermined density and duration to a generating electrode to produce a defined increase in the local concentration of the dissolved oxygen, taking a second measurement of the current of the working electrode representative of the concentration of oxygen after applying the anode current to the generating electrode, and computing from the first and second measurements a calibration factor for one or more species that relates the oxygen concentration of the medium to be analyzed and the actually measured current between the working electrode and its counter electrode.

Abstract: An electrode system for an electrochemical cell is provided, including a substrate, a measuring electrode connected to the substrate and formed from a number of electrically conducting and mutually connected microdisks, and a generating electrode formed from an electrically conducting sheet and having a diameter that is greater than that of the microdisks. In one implementation, the microdisks are provided in cavities in the substrate.

Abstract: An electrode system for an electrochemical cell is provided, including a substrate, a measuring electrode connected to the substrate and formed from a number of electrically conducting and mutually connected microdisks, and a generating electrode formed from an electrically conducting sheet and having a diameter that is greater than that of the microdisks. In one implementation, the microdisks are provided in cavities in the substrate.

Abstract: A method for in situ self-calibrating of an electrochemical sensor for measuring the concentration of one or more species in an aqueous medium. The method includes: taking a first measurement of the current of a working electrode representative of the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the medium, applying an anode current of predetermined density and duration to a generating electrode to produce a defined increase in the local concentration of the dissolved oxygen, taking a second measurement of the current of the working electrode representative of the concentration of oxygen after applying the anode current to the generating electrode, and computing from the first and second measurements a calibration factor for one or more species that relates the oxygen concentration of the medium to be analyzed and the actually measured current between the working electrode and its counter electrode.

Abstract: The system concerns an electrode system for an electrochemical sensor, comprising, arranged on a conductive substrate (10), a plurality of micro-discs (22) electrically connected to the substrate and a generating electrode (20) insulated from the substrate by an insulating layer (14) and including a plurality of orifices (24) concentric with said micro-discs. A conductive layer (12) and connections (26, 28) enable to connect the electrodes to power sources. The generating electrode enables to modify locally, at the micro-discs, the concentrations of species present in solution opposite said electrodes.

Abstract: In a dextran coated surface disposed on a carrier, the connections between the dextran and the carrier surface are formed by a photolinker, the dextran coating being attached to the carrier surface by co-immobilization of a mixture of dextran and the photolinker.

Abstract: The system concerns an electrode system for an electrochemical sensor, comprising, arranged on a conductive substrate (10), a plurality of micro-discs (22) electrically connected to the substrate and a generating electrode (20) insulated from the substrate by an insulating layer (14) and including a plurality of orifices (24) concentric with said micro-discs. A conductive layer (12) and connections (26, 28) enable to connect the electrodes to power sources. The generating electrode enables to modify locally, at the micro-discs, the concentrations of species present in solution opposite said electrodes.