Abstract: An electrical coil module of planar type manufactured by printed circuit techniques on a generally flat substrate (21) has a first layout (20) of conducing material constituting a first electrical conductor having an input terminal (23), arranged on one side of the substrate (21). A second layout (20′) of conducting material constituting a second electrical conductor having an output terminal (24), is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate. The first and second conductors are connected by an electrical connection (22) through the substrate (21), so that an electrical voltage connected between the input and output terminals of the coil module will drive a current from one terminal through the conductor on one side of the substrate via connection (22) through the substrate and the conductor on the other side of the substrate to the other terminal.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for providing an inert atmosphere in airtight packages, which apparatus is adaptable for use in a packaging line. The apparatus comprises an inerting minitunnel which is provided with a ramp for purging oxygen from the packages, and an inerting ramp. The apparatus can be used with any liquid, pasty, or solid product which is packaged in an airtight package.

Abstract: A process for deoxygenating or carbonating a food or biological liquid product having an initial dissolved oxygen concentration between 9 mg/l and 12 mg/l, comprising injecting at least one gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into a current of the food or biological liquid product thereby to form a gas/liquid emulsion. The emulsion is introduced into a storage vessel. The gas is at a pressure of about 3 bars. The gas and liquid are injected into a confined mixing chamber at a volume rate of gas to liquid between 3 and 5, and expelled the chamber at a velocity of 15 to 30 meters per second into the vessel above the bottom of the vessel a distance which is a minor proportion of the height of the vessel, until the residual dissolved oxygen content is less than 0.25 mg/l.