Abstract: A process and reagent for allylating a nucleophile preferably of formula (V).(R).sub.n Ar--Y--H (V)The nucleophile is reacted with a reagent containing an allyl derivative and a catalyst in an aqueous phase containing at least lone element of group VIII of the Classification of the elements. A water-soluble phosphine may also be present in the reagent, and the reagent may also contain at least one organic phase.

Abstract: A process and reagent for allylating a nucleophile preferably of formula (V).(R).sub.n Ar--Y--H (V)The nucleophile is reacted with a reagent containing an allyl derivative and a catalyst in an aqueous phase containing at least one element of group VIII of the Classification of the elements. A water-soluble phosphine may also be present in the reagent, and the reagent may also contain at least one organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerosol composition for forming a preferably hydrated membrane which after vaporizing comprises as least one hydrophobic phase containing at least one film-forming polymer at least partly solubilized in an organic solvent system. The polymer is selected from hydrophobic polyaminoacids, preferably from the polyaminoacids obtained from at least one of the amino acids alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartic and glutamic acid esters, or the derivatives thereof. The compositions also comprises as least one hydrophilic phase, and at least one propellant. The preferably hydrated membrane formed by vaporizing this composition, the application of the composition and of the preferably hydrated membrane as a dressing, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of polyamino acids, with controlled molecular weights, by polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of at least one amino acid, using at least one initiator of the strong base type and in liquid medium, characterized in that it consists in including, in the liquid reaction medium, given amounts of water and/or of alcohol. Application: synthesis of polyamino acids with mechanical and rheological characteristics adapted to applications as biomaterials.

Abstract: The alkyl adipates are prepared by reacting admixture consisting essentially of alkyl 3-pentenoate and alkyl 2-pentenoate with carbon monoxide and an alcohol, at elevated temperature, under superatmospheric pressure and in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of cobalt or a cobalt compound and a nitrogenous heterocyclic base.

Abstract: Adipic acid is selectivity prepared by reacting water and carbon monoxide with at least one pentenic acid, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iridium-based catalyst and at least one iodinated promoter therefor at an elevated temperature, at a pressure greater than atmospheric and in at least one solvent medium which comprises a saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated derivative thereof, an aromatic hydrocarbon or halogenated derivative thereof, or an aliphatic, aromatic or mixed ether, and wherein the I/Ir atomic ratio is less than 20.

Abstract: Adipic acid is prepared by hydrocarboxylating at least one pentenic acid in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of rhodium values, whether metallic rhodium or a compound thereof, and an iodine-containing promoter therefor, as well as in the presence of a cocatalytically effective amount of at least one of iridium, ruthenium, osmium or compound thereof.

Abstract: Adipic acid is selectively prepared, in good yields, by reacting at least one pentenic acid with water and carbon monoxide, the partial pressure of which, measured at 25.degree. C., being less than or equal to 12 bar, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a rhodium-based catalyst and at least one iodine-containing promoter therefor, at a temperature ranging from 100.degree. to 240.degree. C. and at superatmospheric pressure, and in a liquid reaction medium which comprises at least one hydrocarbon or chlorocarbon solvent, whether a saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon or chlorinated derivative thereof.

Abstract: Adipic acid is selectively prepared by reacting water and carbon monoxide with at least one pentenic acid, in the presence of an iridium-based catalyst and at least one iodine-containing promoter therefor, at an elevated temperature, at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, in a reaction medium comprising at least one saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid having not more than 20 carbon atoms, with the I/Ir atomic ratio being less than 10.

Abstract: Adipic acid is selectively prepared, in good yields, by reacting at least one pentenic acid with water and carbon monoxide, the partial pressure of which, measured at 25.degree. C., being less than or equal to 20 bar, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a rhodium-based catalyst and at least one iodine-containing promoter therefor, at a temperature ranging from 100.degree. to 240.degree. C. and at superatmospheric pressure, and in a liquid reaction medium which comprises a saturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid having up to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of halogenonitro-aromatic compounds wherein said compounds are contacted with a nickel-, cobalt- or iron-based catalyst, preferably Raney nickel, and hydrogen in the presence of a sulfur-containing compound. Preferably, the sulfur-containing compound is a sulfoxide or sulfone, and the molar ratio of the sulfur-containing compound to the catalyst ranges from about 1:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of amino halogeno aromatic compounds, according to which a halogenonitro-aromatic compound is brought into the presence of a nickel-, cobalt- or iron-based catalyst, preferably nickel-based, and, more preferably, Raney nickel, in the presence of an effective amount of iodide, at a temperature and hydrogen pressure sufficient to form said halogenoamino-aromatic compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an optically active 2-arylpropionic acid of general formula (I), by the hydrogenation, in a heterogeneous aqueous-organic medium, of a 2-arylacrylic acid of general formula (II) in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium derivative and a water-soluble chiral ligand.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparation of a platinum-cobalt bi-metallic catalyst having an alloy structure.

Abstract: Saturated aldehydes are prepared by hydrogenation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes in a two-phase medium in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium derivative combined with a water-soluble ligand or of a rhodium complex with a water-soluble ligand.

Abstract: Unsaturated alcohols are prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of a platinum-cobalt bi-metallic catalyst having an alloy structure.

Abstract: Unsaturated alcohols are prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding unsaturated carbonyl compounds in a homogeneous medium and in the presence of a ruthenium-based catalyst.

Abstract: Unsaturated alcohols are prepared by the hydrogenation of an unsaturated carbonyl compound in a two-phase liquid medium and in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a ruthenium derivative associated with a water-soluble ligand or a complex of ruthenium with a water-soluble ligand.

Abstract: Vitamin A containing practically no 2-cis or 6-cis isomer is prepared by hydrogenation of the aldehyde of vitamin A, optionally in the form of a complex with hydroquinone, in the presence of a ruthenium hydride catalyst.