Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing the substrate having a substrate surface, and generating nanostructures or microstructures on the substrate surface at least in part by exposing the substrate surface to thermal particles from a thermal particle source while irradiating the substrate surface with an ion beam. The generated nanostructures or microstructures have a smaller surface area than the area of incidence of the ion beam or a beam generated by the thermal particle source. The method also includes obtaining a measurement of a characteristic of the substrate surface and adjusting at least one of the thermal particle source and the ion beam based on the measurement.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the controlled, independent modification of the surface of polymer-based materials and compositions generated thereby. The methods include use of low temperature plasma for surface modification. The methods allow for the alteration of multiple surface characteristics including generation of precise nanostructures, morphology, crystallography and chemical composition for increased biocompatibility, for example, hydrophilicity, steric hindrance, anti-inflammatory properties and/or anti-bacterial properties.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing the substrate having a substrate surface, and generating nanostructures or microstructures on the substrate surface at least in part by exposing the substrate surface to thermal particles from a thermal particle source while irradiating the substrate surface with an ion beam. The generated nanostructures or microstructures have a smaller surface area than the area of incidence of the ion beam or a beam generated by the thermal particle source. The method also includes obtaining a measurement of a characteristic of the substrate surface and adjusting at least one of the thermal particle source and the ion beam based on the measurement.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing the substrate having a substrate surface, and providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and to a thermal source corresponding to a desired structure topology. The method further includes using directed irradiation synthesis to cause self-organization of a plurality of structures comprising at least one of the group of nanostructures and microstructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and to thermal particles from the thermal source. The ion beam has a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal particles has a second area of effect on the substrate surface. Each of the first area of effect and the second area of effect including the first surface area.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the controlled, independent modification of the surface of magnesium-based materials and compositions generated thereby. The methods allow for the alteration of multiple surface characteristics including generation of precise nanostructures, morphology, crystallography, chemical hybridizations and chemical composition for controlled bioresorption and/or increased biocompatibility, for example, osseointegration, hydroxyapatite formation, osseoconduction, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, enhanced local mechanical properties (elasticity, modulus, surface texture, porosity), hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, steric hindrance, modulating-immuno response, anti-inflammatory properties and/or anti-bacterial properties.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for the controlled surface modification of a material substrate, including, for example, generation of nanostructures, crystallographic or morphologic alterations and the removal of defects, changes in chemical composition and bond structure and the creation of thermodynamic metastable states. The provided systems and methods utilize one or more directed energetic particle beams with independently controlled parameters (e.g. incident angle, fluence, flux, energy, species, etc.) to precisely and efficiently generate enhanced surface properties beyond those of conventional plasma kinetic roughening.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the controlled, independent modification of the surface of titanium-based materials and compositions generated thereby. The methods allow for the alteration of multiple surface characteristics including generation of precise nanostructures, morphology, crystallography and chemical composition for increased biocompatibility, for example, osseointegration, osseoconduction, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, mechanical properties (e.g. elasticity, modulus, surface texture, porosity), hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, steric hindrance, anti-inflammatory properties and/or anti-bacterial properties.

Abstract: Provided herein are magnesium-based sponges and foams and methods for surface modification to enhance bioactivity. The magnesium-based sponges and foams may be useful as tissue or bone grafts which promote cellular adhesion and osseointegration and conduction, as well as various other biological functions including, for example, antibacterial properties, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity and the ability to modulate immune response. The described sponges and foams have precise mechanical properties which are specifically designed for enhanced integration with surrounding tissue. The described magnesium-based materials are bioresorbable, allowing for the gradual, safe absorption of the material when exposed to bodily fluids.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing the substrate having a substrate surface, and providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and to a thermal source corresponding to a desired structure topology. The method further includes using directed irradiation synthesis to cause self-organization of a plurality of structures comprising at least one of the group of nanostructures and microstructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and to thermal particles from the thermal source. The ion beam has a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal particles has a second area of effect on the substrate surface. Each of the first area of effect and the second area of effect including the first surface area.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and to a thermal source corresponding to a desired structure topology. The method also includes using directed irradiation synthesis to form nano structures and/or microstructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and to thermal particles from the thermal source. The ion beam having a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal particles having a second area of effect on the substrate surface, each of the first area of effect and the second area of effect including the first surface area.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures includes on a substrate includes providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and to a thermal source corresponding to a desired structure topology. The method also includes using directed irradiation synthesis to form nano structures and/or microstructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and to thermal particles from the thermal source. The ion beam having a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal particles having a second area of effect on the substrate surface, each of the first area of effect and the second area of effect including the first surface area.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures on substrate having a substrate surface includes providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and thermal source corresponding to a desired nanostructure topology. The method also includes forming a plurality of nanostructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and thermal energy from the thermal source. The ion beam has a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal energy has an second area of effect on the substrate surface Each of the first area and the second area includes the first surface area. In other words, the coincident beams under the set of control parameters produces a plurality of nano structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are endovascular stents in which a portion of the stents have a bioactive coating for promoting repair of damaged vessels, systems comprising the stents, and methods of using the stents to promote occlusion of aneurysms and/or repair damaged vessels.

Abstract: Disclosed are endovascular stents in which a portion of the stents have a bioactive coating for promoting repair of damaged vessels, systems comprising the stents, and methods of using the stents to promote occlusion of aneurysms and/or repair damaged vessels.

Abstract: A method for fabricating structures on substrate having a substrate surface includes providing a set of control parameters to an ion beam source and thermal source corresponding to a desired nanostructure topology. The method also includes forming a plurality of nanostructures in a first surface area of the substrate by exposing the substrate surface to an ion beam from the ion beam source and thermal energy from the thermal source. The ion beam has a first area of effect on the substrate surface, and the thermal energy has an second area of effect on the substrate surface Each of the first area and the second area includes the first surface area. In other words, the coincident beams under the set of control parameters produces a plurality of nano structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are endovascular stents in which a portion of the stents have a bioactive coating for promoting repair of damaged vessels, systems comprising the stents, and methods of using the stents to promote occlusion of aneurysms and/or repair damaged vessels.