Abstract: The object of the invention is a process for detecting latent flatness defects in a band product (2) applied under tensile load to an angular sector (A) of measuring roll (1) comprising a plurality of detection zones (4) spaced apart each comprising a transmission sensor (3), at each rotation, of a measurement signal having a value under load (i) which is compared, at each rotation, with a reference value, in order to assess, in each longitudinal zone of the band (2), information representative of the tensile load applied in this zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roll (1) for measuring the flatness of a band (M) comprising a tubular body (12) with a cylindrical external face (11) and a number of sensors each consisting of a feeler (2) mounted in a housing (3) provided in a recess in the thickness of the tubular body (12) and closed by a protection wall (50) whose deformations are measured by the feeler (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a device for detecting the flatness of a metal band product at high temperature, using a measuring roll (1) having a cylindrical external face (13) comprising an angular contact sector with the band and a free sector.

Abstract: An optical demultiplexing system demultiplexes a multiplex which has at least three levels of granularity and includes m interleaved bands of wavelengths each of which includes p wavelengths. The system includes a 1-to-m deinterleaving demultiplexer for demultiplexing the multiplex into m bands of wavelengths and a 1-to-p deinterleaving demultiplexer for demultiplexing each of the m bands into p wavelengths. The numbers m and p are mutually prime.

Abstract: A composite material and a method for making same are disclosed. A composite article including an electrically and/or thermally insulating substrate and protective layers on each side thereof is particularly disclosed. Said material includes protective layers consisting of fibers of a heat-stable material flocked onto the insulating substrate, and heat-stable coating resin. The resulting protective layer has improved protective properties, particularly moisture-proofness. The composite material may also be used as a metal layer carrier for forming flexible printed electrical circuits.

Abstract: The application discloses an apparatus and a process for the manufacture of continuous fibers by mechanical attenuation. It is especially useful in obtaining a strand composed of a mixture of filaments of differing cross sections in constant and definite proportion. This is obtained by employment of a bushing having a lower surface comprising a multiplicity of fiberizing centers of varying configurations, each fiberizing center being formed by a zone perforated by a group of orifices from which at least one filament can be attenuated in a stable manner. The strands produced are particularly adapted for the reinforcement of plastic materials.

Abstract: Apparatus for the manufacture of thermoplastic mineral fibers is disclosed.A bushing base is formed by a flat plate in which a multitude of conduits are arranged. The upper ends of the conduits open toward the inside of the bushing and their lower ends toward a multitude of small alveoles, each alveole being in communication with the inside of the bushing by means of one of the said conduits. A continuous flat wall closes the base of each alveole, the said wall being perforated by several orifices forming a grouping of orifices.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for forming fibers from attenuable materials, such as molten glass, by attenuating streams of glass from the bottom of a bushing wherein the bottom has downwardly presented wall portions at upper and lower levels. According to the disclosure the upper or lower wall portions are formed into series of bosses, each having a multiplicity of orifices in the lower ball portions. Bosses with alveoles are disclosed. Filamentary material is manufactured by drawing at least one filament from each boss independently of each other boss or from separate fiber forming regions in each boss regardless of whether or not the material has flooded the bottom surface of any boss. Embodiments with one alveole per boss or plural alveoles per boss are disclosed. Where plural alveoles per boss are provided, shallow transverse grooves in the lower wall portions of the bosses may be used to separate the orifices of one alveole from the orifices of adjacent alveoles.

Abstract: The application discloses an apparatus and a process for the manufacture of continuous fibers by mechanical attenuation. It is especially useful in obtaining a strand composed of a mixture of filaments of differing cross sections in constant and definite proportion. This is obtained by employment of a bushing having a lower surface comprising a multiplicity of fiberizing centers of varying configurations, each fiberizing center being formed by a zone perforated by a group of orifices from which at least one filament can be attenuated in a stable manner. The strands produced are particularly adapted for the reinforcement of plastic materials.

Abstract: The application discloses an apparatus and a process for the manufacture of discontinuous fibers obtained by fluid attenuation. The fibers are attenuated from a bushing whose base is equipped with a substantially continuous plate having a hollowed upper surface of alveoles, said alveoles being perforated with orifices, and whose lower side is cut with grooves defining bosses, each boss being provided with one or several alveoles. The fibers produced are particularly adapted for use in the form of mat, sheet or roving.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for forming fibers from attenuable materials, such as molten glass, by attenuating streams of glass from the bottom of a bushing wherein the bottom has downwardly presented wall portions at upper and lower levels. According to the disclosure the upper or lower wall portions are formed into a series of elongated bosses each containing at least one row of cells termed alveoles, each alveole having a multiplicity of orifices extending through the lower wall portion of its boss. Filamentary material is manufactured by drawing at least one filament from each alveole independently of each other alveole regardless of whether or not the material has flooded the bottom surface of any boss. In one embodiment shallow transverse grooves in the lower wall portions of the bosses separate the orifices of one alveole from the orifices of adjacent alveoles so that flooding is confined to a single alveole.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for forming fibers from attenuable materials, such as molten glass, by attenuating streams of glass from the bottom of a bushing wherein the bottom has downwardly presented wall portions at upper and lower levels. According to the disclosure the upper or lower wall portions are formed into series of bosses containing alveoles, each having a multiplicity of orifices in the lower wall portions. Filamentary material is manufactured by drawing at least one filament from each alveole independently of each other alveole regardless of whether or not the material has flooded the bottom surface of any boss. Controlled cooling permits the selective drawing of one or a plurality of filaments from each alveole.