Abstract: The extrusion device of a solid film comprises a cell provided with an input opening of a material designed to form the solid film, and an output opening of the solid film from the cell. The device comprises a first heat exchanger for applying a first temperature to the output opening and a second heat exchanger for applying a second temperature in a first zone of the cell distinct from the output opening and a control circuit imposing first and second sets of first and second temperatures. The first set enables a volume of the material in solid phase to be formed. The second set enables a temperature gradient to be generated in the volume so as to generate a pressure forcing extrusion of the solid film via the output opening.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a target for the generation of radiation of photons, protons or electrons by means of a laser, including: forming a support including first and second surfaces connected by openings, and forming in an enclosure a layer of material on the first surface by protecting the first surface with a protection element, injecting into the enclosure a gas of filling material, adjusting the pressure in the enclosure and the temperature of the support to form plugs of material in the openings of the support, and maintaining the temperature of the support and the pressure in the enclosure at values to maintain the plugs, followed by withdrawing the protection element from the first surface, and forming a layer of metallic material on the first surface of the support and on the plugs. The pressure and support temperature are then modified to remove the plugs.

Abstract: A crystal laser including a doped crystal, and a system for cooling the crystal. This cooling system includes: a support including a first and a second surfaces; a device for fastening the crystal to the first surface of the support to form a tight cavity between a first surface of the crystal and the first surface of the support; a circuit for supplying the tight cavity with a liquefied gas; and a device for cooling the second surface of the support.

Abstract: A crystal laser including a doped crystal, and a system for cooling the crystal. This cooling system includes: a support including a first and a second surfaces; a device for fastening the crystal to the first surface of the support to form a tight cavity between a first surface of the crystal and the first surface of the support; a circuit for supplying the tight cavity with a liquefied gas; and a device for cooling the second surface of the support.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a target for the generation of radiation of photons, protons or electrons by means of a laser, including: forming a support including first and second surfaces connected by openings, and forming in an enclosure a layer of material on the first surface by protecting the first surface with a protection element, injecting into the enclosure a gas of filling material, adjusting the pressure in the enclosure and the temperature of the support to form plugs of material in the openings of the support, and maintaining the temperature of the support and the pressure in the enclosure at values to maintain the plugs, followed by withdrawing the protection clement from the first surface, and forming a layer of metallic material on the first surface of the support and on the plugs. The pressure and support temperature are then modified to remove the plugs.

Abstract: The device for performing continuous deposition of a solid hydrogen and/or deuterium film includes a cell provided with a control valve for controlling the flowrate of the gas inlet to the cell, a strip, and means for moving the strip in the cell. The device includes a pumping device placing a volume of the cell, through which the strip passes, at a first pressure, and a heat exchanger arranging the strip in said volume at a first temperature. To adjust the pressure, the device further includes a control circuit of the pumping device and of the control valve, adjusting the first pressure so as to condense a solid hydrogen and/or deuterium film on the strip in movement in said volume.

Abstract: The extrusion device of a solid film comprises a cell provided with an input opening of a material designed to form the solid film, and an output opening of the solid film from the cell. The device comprises a first heat exchanger for applying a first temperature to the output opening and a second heat exchanger for applying a second temperature in a first zone of the cell distinct from the output opening and a control circuit imposing first and second sets of first and second temperatures. The first set enables a volume of the material in solid phase to be formed. The second set enables a temperature gradient to be generated in the volume so as to generate a pressure forcing extrusion of the solid film via the output opening.

Abstract: The joint comprises a ball (4) held between two seats (5 and 6) of the members (1, 2) to be joined, and it further comprises fittings (7, 8) bound to the members (1, 2) respectively, connected together through an intermediate jointed ring (12). A spring (13) maintains the contact between the ball and the seats. A rim (15) of the ring retains the ball (4) in case of disjunction. The ball (4) provides large accuracy in the position of the centre of rotation and the remainder of the joint maintains cohesion of the assembly.

Abstract: The joint comprises a ball (4) held between two seats (5 and 6) of the members (1, 2) to be joined, and it further comprises fittings (7, 8) bound to the members (1, 2) respectively, connected together through an intermediate jointed ring (12). A spring (13) maintains the contact between the ball and the seats. A rim (15) of the ring retains the ball (4) in case of disjunction. The ball (4) provides large accuracy in the position of the centre of rotation and the remainder of the joint maintains cohesion of the assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for thermally stabilizing an object (20) to be cooled to a temperature of the order of 6 to 25 K by circulating a fluid, characterized in that it comprises: