Abstract: A microsystem for separating fluids not miscible with each other and contained in a mixture. The microsystem comprises at least one detection means intended to inspect at least one area of the mixture and to detect the presence of at least one of the fluids in this area. The microsystem further comprises at least one controlled means for opening or closing a passage. The microsystem further comprises at least one control means for the opening or the closing of a passage as a function of the nature of the fluid detected in the area inspected by the detection means, in such a way that the fluid whose presence has been detected flows or not through the passage. The detection means comprise a plurality of sensors arranged substantially around the controlled means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a permeable membrane repelling one or more liquids. The membrane includes at least one face, based on a material repelling said liquids, provided with a plurality of protrusions. The membrane is provided with a plurality of through-holes opening out at said face the protrusions are regularly distributed in a determined way in at least one area on said face. The protrusions also include at least one irregular surface provided with microprotrusions.

Abstract: A microsystem for separating fluids not miscible with each other and contained in a mixture. The microsystem comprises at least one detection means intended to inspect at least one area of the mixture and to detect the presence of at least one of the fluids in this area. The microsystem further comprises at least one controlled means for opening or closing a passage. The microsystem further comprises at least one control means for the opening or the closing of a passage as function of the nature of the fluid detected in the area inspected by the detection means, in such a way that the fluid whose presence has been detected flows or not through the passage. The detection means comprise a plurality of sensors arranged substantially around the controlled means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a microwave tube (3) for generation of an electromagnetic wave with frequency F, the tube comprises mechanical means for varying the frequency F composed of a set of rings (A, B, C, D) defining a periodic structure inside the tube and mechanical means (4, 5, 2, G) for displacing rings with respect to each other while maintaining a periodicity for periodic structure during displacement of the rings.

Abstract: This invention relates to a microwave tube (3) for generation of an electromagnetic wave with frequency F. The tube comprises mechanical means for varying the frequency F composed of a set of rings (A, B, C, D) defining a periodic structure inside the tube and mechanical means (4, 5, 2, G) for displacing rings with respect to each other while maintaining a periodicity for periodic structure during displacement of the rings. The invention is applicable to any type of microwave tube, such as a PWT, a BWO type tube, a klystron, a magnetron, a carcinotron, a maser, etc.

Abstract: Sensor for the contact free linear measurement by backscattered radiation of the distance (d) between the sensor and a possibly moving target, comprising a light emitter supplying to the target a light beam, means for determining the distance (d) by referring to curve I=f(d) translating the relationship between distance (d) and the backscattered intensity, wherein the means for analysing the intensity (I) of the backscattered light are constituted by two adjacent, parallel receivers which are spaced from the emitter and from one another, so that the second parts of the graphs of their law I.sub.1 =f.sub.1 (d) and I.sub.2 =f.sub.2 (d) are outside one another.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is proposed for detecting variations of significance in an electrical voltage as a function of time. The apparatus includes a tracker (2) of these variations, a comparator (6) comparing the voltage with a reference voltage V.sub.2, and a counting circuit (10, 15, 20). The tracker (2) monitors variations in the voltage supplied to a filtering and rectification system (4), which eliminates the continuous component of the signal and within the high frequency range greatly diminishes the levels of the parasitic signals having an oscillatory character. The comparator (6) furnishes a calibrated pulse (25) each time the voltage exceeds the threshold V.sub.2, and the counting circuit (10, 15, 20) counts the number of these calibrated pulses within a given time period T and furnishes a logic signal (30) if this number exceeds a predetermined quantity.