Abstract: A Version management Service (VMS) that enables consistent management of dynamic digital resources throughout their life cycle. The service handles the association of resources with logical specifications formally expressed using an extensible logical language understood and agreed by tiers. A new version of a digital resource is considered certified only if the resource owner is able to formally prove that the new version satisfies the logical specifications, with the help of the VMS. The VMS uses formal proofs for qualifying changes (occurring either on the resource content or on the corresponding specifications), and for characterizing them through the evolution of version labels. While the resource owners may handle a fully detailed specification (internal), the users may have a simplified view of the same resource, i.e. a particular external specification.

Abstract: A method for semantic representation of artifacts includes receiving artifact data which includes transformation data and modification data. The transformation data represents transformations of respective artifacts from a source language to a target language. The languages can be domain-specific or generic. The modification data represents modifications in the source and/or target languages to one or more of the artifacts for which transformation data has been received. Based on the received artifact data, a semantic representation is generated. The representation includes objects representing the artifacts together with associated transformations and modifications. Objects are also associated with respective local contexts which denote a respective one of the languages. At least some of the objects in the semantic representation are associated with inferences based on inference definitions.

Abstract: A system and method generate an ontology of linked resources. The method includes providing a policy comprising at least one logical rule which is to hold across an ontology of linked resources and initializing a set of resources with an initial subset of the set of resources, each resource in the initial subset being identified by a respective link. Each of the resources in the subset is processed, which includes populating the ontology with a corresponding member of a resource class, for a resource that is valid against a schema, asserting the member's class as a class specific to the schema of the validated resource in the ontology and providing a dependency specification for extracting links within the resource, each extracted link identifying one of the set of resources.

Abstract: A system and method generate an ontology of linked resources. The method includes providing a policy comprising at least one logical rule which is to hold across an ontology of linked resources and initializing a set of resources with an initial subset of the set of resources, each resource in the initial subset being identified by a respective link. Each of the resources in the subset is processed, which includes populating the ontology with a corresponding member of a resource class, for a resource that is valid against a schema, asserting the member's class as a class specific to the schema of the validated resource in the ontology and providing a dependency specification for extracting links within the resource, each extracted link identifying one of the set of resources.

Abstract: A computer-based method and system for processing links in a markup language document are provided. The method includes providing a specification in computer memory, the specification including at least one link description rule and at least one link processing rule for processing links which satisfy the link description rule. A markup language document is input to computer memory and links in the markup language document are processed in accordance with the link description rule(s) and link processing rule(s) of the specification to generate processed data. The processed data includes at least one of a modified markup language document and data derived from the markup language document.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that facilitate validating electronic document conversion chain design in real time, as a designer edits a conversion chain that converts a document collection between formats. Waypoints are inserted into the document conversion chain by associating validation specifications with selected conversion components in the chain. AS the conversion chain is executed on a document collection, the validation specification is executed on all documents in the collection when a selected conversion component is executed. Validation results are returned to indicate to the designer which documents were successfully converted by the component and which were not. The designer can then modify the conversion chain, which is re-executed, and validation results are again presented to the designer for comparison to the pre-modification validation results. The designer can then approve or reject the modification(s) depending on whether document validation is improved thereby.

Abstract: An SGML validation system comprises: an XML validation engine; a translator configured to convert an SGML document to a translated XML document; a set of XML schemas against which the XML validation engine validates the translated XML document, the XML schema set configured such that errors detected by the validation of the translated XML document correspond to SGML errors in the SGML document; and a report generator configured to generate an error report identifying SGML errors corresponding with errors detected by the validation and linking the identified SGML errors with corresponding locations in the SGML document.

Abstract: In a document annotator (8), a document converter (12) is configured to convert a source document (10) with a layout to a deterministic format (14, 64) including content and layout metadata. At least one annotation pipeline (20, 22) is configured to generate document annotations respective to received content. A merger (36, 46) is configured to associate the generated document annotations with positional tags based on the layout metadata, which locate the document annotations in the layout. A document visualizer (58) is configured to render at least some content of the deterministic format and one or more selected annotations (60) in substantial conformance with the layout based on the layout metadata and the positional tags associated with the selected one or more annotations (60).

Abstract: A computer-based method and system for processing links in a markup language document are provided. The method includes providing a specification in computer memory, the specification including at least one link description rule and at least one link processing rule for processing links which satisfy the link description rule. A markup language document is input to computer memory and links in the markup language document are processed in accordance with the link description rule(s) and link processing rule(s) of the specification to generate processed data. The processed data includes at least one of a modified markup language document and data derived from the markup language document.

Abstract: A document rendering system includes a standard schema and a graphical user interface configured to receive graphically represented presentation constraints. A translation engine is configured to translate the graphically represented presentation constraints into a presentation schema conforming with a syntax of the standard schema. A validation engine is configured to validate a document respective to the standard schema and respective to the presentation schema. A rendering engine is configured to render a document conditional upon validation by the validation engine.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that facilitate validating electronic document conversion chain design in real time, as a designer edits a conversion chain that converts a document collection between formats. Waypoints are inserted into the document conversion chain by associating validation specifications with selected conversion components in the chain. AS the conversion chain is executed on a document collection, the validation specification is executed on all documents in the collection when a selected conversion component is executed. Validation results are returned to indicate to the designer which documents were successfully converted by the component and which were not. The designer can then modify the conversion chain, which is re-executed, and validation results are again presented to the designer for comparison to the pre-modification validation results. The designer can then approve or reject the modification(s) depending on whether document validation is improved thereby.

Abstract: An SGML validation system comprises: an XML validation engine; a translator configured to convert an SGML document to a translated XML document; a set of XML schemas against which the XML validation engine validates the translated XML document, the XML schema set configured such that errors detected by the validation of the translated XML document correspond to SGML errors in the SGML document; and a report generator configured to generate an error report identifying SGML errors corresponding with errors detected by the validation and linking the identified SGML errors with corresponding locations in the SGML document.

Abstract: A document rendering system includes a standard schema and a graphical user interface configured to receive graphically represented presentation constraints. A translation engine is configured to translate the graphically represented presentation constraints into a presentation schema conforming with a syntax of the standard schema. A validation engine is configured to validate a document respective to the standard schema and respective to the presentation schema. A rendering engine is configured to render a document conditional upon validation by the validation engine.

Abstract: In a document annotator (8), a document converter (12) is configured to convert a source document (10) with a layout to a deterministic format (14, 64) including content and layout metadata. At least one annotation pipeline (20, 22) is configured to generate document annotations respective to received content. A merger (36, 46) is configured to associate the generated document annotations with positional tags based on the layout metadata, which locate the document annotations in the layout. A document visualizer (58) is configured to render at least some content of the deterministic format and one or more selected annotations (60) in substantial conformance with the layout based on the layout metadata and the positional tags associated with the selected one or more annotations (60).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a parser for syntactically analyzing an input string. The parser applies a plurality of rules which describe syntactic properties of the language of the input strings. The plurality of rules comprise two types of rules. A first type of rules comprises immediate dominance rules and linear precedence rules. A second type of rules being sequence rules. All rules of the plurality of rules are applied according to a predefined order to the input string. This new incremental parsing architecture has advantages with respect to grammar engineering and allows a more efficient parsing.

Abstract: A method generates normalized representations of strings, in particular sentences. The method, which can be used for translation, receives an input string. The input string is subjected to a first operation out of a plurality of operating functions for linguistically processing the input string to generate a first normalized representation of the input string that includes linguistic information. The first normalized representation is then subjected to a second operation for replacing linguistic information in the first normalized representation by abstract variables and to generate a second normalized representation.

Abstract: Normalized output texts, such as rundowns or summaries, from raw texts belonging to a given domain are produced. The normalized output text may be generated in different languages and may take into account a user's interest. To this end, linguistic resources associated with a model of the domain are used both for input text analysis and output text generation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system that utilize a collection of predefined core sentences in a source language, that may be initially accessed through a thematic hierarchy or through key words. New sentences may be recursively elaborated through transformations of a selected core sentence, that comprise substitution and expansion. In accordance With the present invention, the method and system automatically handle syntactic modifications of an interlingual structure, that are implied by a selected transformation. Each transformation establishes a valid new sentence in the source language. The method and system further generate a corresponding translation into any available target language.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a parser for syntactically analyzing an input string. The parser applies a plurality of rules which describe syntactic properties of the language of the input strings. The plurality of rules comprise two types of rules. A first type of rules comprises immediate dominance rules and linear precedence rules. A second type of rules being sequence rules. All rules of the plurality of rules are applied according to a predefined order to the input string. This new incremental parsing architecture has advantages with respect to grammar engineering and allows a more efficient parsing.

Abstract: A method generates normalized representations of strings, in particular sentences. The method, which can be used for translation, receives an input string. The input string is subjected to a first operation out of a plurality of operating functions for linguistically processing the input string to generate a first normalized representation of the input string that includes linguistic information. The first normalized representation is then subjected to a second operation for replacing linguistic information in the first normalized representation by abstract variables and to generate a second normalized representation.