Abstract: Pulverized mineral material is calcined by suspending it in a current of gas constituted by a combustive gas and a fuel whose combustion furnishes the necessary calories for the calcination. To enable solid fuels rich in ash, substantially inert and difficult to condition to be used, the fuel is gasified in a fluidized bed hearth by blowing air from below through the bed whereby a gaseous fuel is disengaged from the bed and flows upwardly with the very finest particles of the solid fuel suspended therein. This is mixed with air and the mineral material to calcine the same.

Abstract: Pulverized mineral material is calcined by suspending it in a current of gas constituted by a combustive gas and a fuel whose combustion furnishes the necessary calories for the calcination. To enable solid fuels rich in ash, substantially inert and difficult to condition to be used, the fuel is gasified in a fluidized bed hearth by blowing air from below through the bed whereby a gaseous fuel is disengaged from the bed and flows upwardly with the very finest particles of the solid fuel suspended therein. This is mixed with air and the mineral material to calcine the same.

Abstract: A process for the calcination of a solid pulverulent material comprises the steps of gasifying a solid fuel in a fluidized bed to produce an ascending current of gaseous fuel, and injecting the material in an oxidizing carrier gas into the ascending gaseous fuel current above the fluidized bed of solid fuel to disperse the pulverulent material in the gaseous fuel current, the flow velocity of the gases in the zone of injection of the material into the current being sufficient to entrain the material in the gases and to prevent them from falling into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for the calcination of a solid pulverulent material comprises the steps of gasifying a solid fuel in a fluidized bed to produce an ascending current of gaseous fuel, and injecting the material in an oxidizing carrier gas into the ascending gaseous fuel current above the fluidized bed of solid fuel to disperse the pulverulent material in the gaseous fuel current, the flow velocity of the gases in the zone of injection of the material into the current being sufficient to entrain the material in the gases and to prevent them from falling into the fluidized bed. An apparatus for the calcination comprises a calcination chamber whose bottom is a grid carrying a bed of solid fuel through which air is blown to produce the ascending current of gaseous fuel in the chamber. An array of nozzles in an upper portion of the chamber is used to inject the pulverulent material suspended in the carrier gas into the chamber above the fluidized bed.

Abstract: Cement clinker is produced from cold, dry, finely divided raw material by causing hot flue gases to flow in a first direction out of a rotary kiln and suspending a major portion of the finely divided raw material in the hot flue gases until the raw material has been preheated and at least partially decarbonized. The preheated and at least partially decarbonized raw material is introduced into the kiln. A fraction of the cold, dry, finely divided raw material is pneumatically injected into an end of the kiln to flow countercurrently to said first direction approximately parallel to the axis of the kiln to form a dust cloud of the raw material occupying substantially the entire cross section of the kiln at said end, the end being upstream with respect to a second direction of flow of the raw material into the kiln.

Abstract: High temperature phosphate are burning process in which the ore is preheated by gases produced by the combustion of a fuel in the burning zone, and then enters the burning zone and is cooled by a current of cool air which is used, at least partly, as combustion in the burning zone, characterized by the fact that burning is carried out in a static combustion chamber in which the preheated ore is placed in suspension in the current of air which has cooled the burned ore and in which fuel is injected, whereby the combustion of air and fuel supplies the required heat for burning, and that the retention time of the ore in the combustion chamber is less than thirty seconds, the burned ore being blow out of the chamber by the gases resulting from the combustion of the fuel injected into the chamber.

Abstract: An internally cooled roller particularly useful for continuous casting of metals comprises a roller body and a sleeve mounted on the circumferential surface of the roller body, a conduit for circulating a cooling fluid being defined between the roller body and sleeve. A flange is mounted on one end face of the roller body. The flange has a first tubular member projecting between the sleeve and a reduced diameter end of the roller body surface, a first annular seat being defined by the first tubular member, the sleeve and the roller body surface, and a second tubular member concentrically surrounding the first member and defining therewith a second annular seat. An end of the sleeve projects into the second annular seat and a fluid-tight element is mounted in the first annular seat under compression, the sleeve end being gripped to prevent its radial expansion and thus loosening of the fluid-tight element in the first seat.

Abstract: Continuously cast metal, such as steel, ingots are supported and cooled while being displaced along a path on a panel comprised of alternating support bars and cooling fluid spray banks extending parallel to each other transversely to the path of displacement. The spray banks are mounted individually and removably on the panel.