Abstract: In a fiberoptical network, for example in a LAN, spread spectrum modulation is used, for example, CDMA, by providing an electrical digital data signal to a spreading device including a multiplier also receiving the spreading code. Then a modulation is made of the spread signal at radio frequencies, the signal being multiplied by a subcarrier wave generated in a oscillator, whereby the data signal is carried on an RF subcarrier. A control channel signal from a control unit is added to the modulated signal, so that the control signal will be located in the baseband. The added signal is converted to an optical signal transmitted on an output fiber. The control channel signal can be TDMA-modulated using collision detection. Making spectrum spreading in the electrical domain allows the use of standard components developed for example for mobile telephone systems. No wavelength control and no optical filters are necessary, which allows a low cost system to be constructed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an optical device for transferring light power from a laser to an optical fiber with a minimal loss of light at the coupling of the laser with the optical fiber. The device comprises a first, passive waveguide and a second, active waveguide wherein the power of the laser light signal is transferred from the second waveguide to the first waveguide. The width of the end of the active waveguide has a diagonal end face that tapers asymmetrically down to zero, which provides for a transfer of light power from the active waveguide to the passive waveguide.

Abstract: A system for monitoring WDM channels in an optical system includes a phased array optical wavelength demodulator (phasar). The phasar is controlled to vary the effective optical length of the waveguides in the array such that a particular wavelength signal can be output for monitoring.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for transmitting signals in an optical fiber, an amplitude modulator (1) is provided for amplitude modulating an optical carrier at high speed with signals to be transmitted. A suppressing means is provided to suppress at least part of one of the side bands of the modulated carrier to reduce the effect of group velocity dispersion in the optical fiber.

Abstract: An arrangement and a method route wavelength dependent optical signals including a number of wavelengths. The arrangement includes an optical Add-Drop multiplexing arrangement with input and output waveguides and a routing device with inputs and outputs. The routing device includes a splitting device with a number of inputs and a combining device with a number of outputs. One of the inputs and outputs, respectively, are used for a multi-wavelength input, whereas another input and another output, respectively, are used for an add/drop wavelength. The other inputs and outputs are used for looping back of the remaining wavelengths. Between the splitting and combining devices a number of branch waveguides are arranged, and both wavelength demultiplexing/multiplexing and switching are provided for by the routing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wavelength selective switch. Said switch comprises at least one MMI waveguide, at least one Mach Zehnder waveguide, at least one phase control element and at least one Bragg grating, where said Mach Zehnder waveguide comprises said phase control element and said Bragg grating and is arranged in connection to at least one MMI waveguide. The invention further comprises a method for switching wavelength channels by using the above mentioned wavelength selective switch.

Abstract: An optical device which comprises at least one first passive or active element and an integrated grating arrangement. The device furthermore comprises a tuning device for controlling and changing the angle of incidence of a beam incident to the grating arrangement. The tuning devices comprises a variable index prism arranged between said first active or passive element and the grating arrangement.

Abstract: A tunable optical filter for use in wavelength division multiplexing systems. The optical filter contains a plurality of tunable reflection gratings which block all of the channels in the incoming lightwave. An electrode or a heating element is provided for each reflection grating to tune the reflection gratings so that their reflection bands do not coincide with a desired channel or channels thereby allowing the desired channel or channels to pass through the filter.

Abstract: A modified DBR laser having at least one extended tuning range is disclosed. A plurality of gratings are arranged on opposing sides of a gain section which can be selectively tuned to provide one or more continuous wavelength ranges of laser light.

Abstract: An interferometric tunable optical filter selects a predetermined wavelength or wavelengths from a wavelength division multiplexed signal. The optical filter splits an input signal into a plurality of waveguide branches. In each branch, the amplitude and phase of the signal can be individually controlled. The signals are then recombined. The resulting interference gives a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum that can be adjusted as desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray diffractometer device, comprising an X-ray source, a collimator device for the source, a sample support, a collimator device for the beam reflected by the sample and a counter producing an output signal in the form of a voltage which is proportional to the number of photons reflected by the sample. This device furthermore includes a motor drive for the sample support, recording means for the signal Y originating from the proportional counter as a function of the angle .theta. between the plane of incidence of the sample and the incident beam, denoted X, mechanical means having a support for a plurality of filters having different coefficients of absorption and including a motor drive for this filter support, data processing means for selecting one of the filters of the filter support and for controlling the motor drive of the sample support, the motor drive of the filter support and the recording means, respectively.

Abstract: Sheet material for making a sealed isothermal package comprises a flexible outer sheet of polyvinyl having a shiny reflective outer surface. The entire inner surface of the outer sheet is coated with pressure sensitive adhesive. An inner heat insulating layer of plastic foam is bonded to the inner side of the outer sheet by the adhesive. The inner insulating layer is of lesser area than the outer sheet so as to leave marginal areas of the adhesive surface of the outer sheet exposed for adhesion to underlying portions of the sheet material when the sheet material is wrapped around an object to be packaged. The insulating layer is of sufficient thickness that when the sheet material is wound in a roll, the exposed adhesive marginal areas are spaced apart so that no release backing material is required.

Abstract: The isothermic package is comprised of a flat and flexible envelope (10) of which the two walls (11, 12) are welded along three sides so as to provide an opening (13) for introducing and withdrawing the product (P) to be kept warm or cold during its transportation. The walls (11, 12) are each comprised of two isothermic sheets (14, 15) which delimit therebetween a spaced (16, 17, 18) filled with a gas having a low heat transmission power.