Abstract: An airway resistance device providing reliable and constant airway resistance for a given position of an occlusion mechanism that may be used in a lung simulator device in order to allow the simulation of a number of medical conditions which impacts the airflow in the airways. The airway resistance device includes one or more laminar flow channels and a variable occlusion mechanism that retains the laminar flow characteristics, such that resistance is constant for a given occlusion configuration.

Abstract: An airway resistance device providing reliable and constant airway resistance for a given position of an occlusion mechanism that may be used in a lung simulator device in order to allow the simulation of a number of medical conditions which impacts the airflow in the airways. The airway resistance device includes one or more laminar flow channels and a variable occlusion mechanism that retains the laminar flow characteristics, such that resistance is constant for a given occlusion configuration.

Abstract: A lung simulator including a lung bladder, a biasing system providing a relaxed expiration force to the lung bladder with a positive end-expiratory pressure and simulating lung compliance, and a frame holding the lung bladder and biasing member in position. The lung bladder may be inflated and deflated between a positive end-expiratory pressure and a peak inspiratory pressure through the means of a ventilator, a bag mask or mouth to mouth ventilation and may produce a pressure-volume curve similar to that of a lung when the lung bladder is connected to a ventilation source.

Abstract: A method for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, the method comprising: receiving one of an actual angular position and a rotation angle for a proximal section of the elongated instrument, at least a distal end of the elongated instrument being inserted into a medical apparatus; determining a distal angular position for the distal end of the elongated instrument inserted into the medical apparatus using an adjustment factor and the one of the actual angular position and the rotation angle for the proximal section of the elongated instrument; generating a medical image of at least a portion of the subject, the medical image comprising at least a representation of a distal section of the elongated instrument, the representation of the distal section being generated according to the distal angular position; and outputting the generated medical image.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, comprising: a frame extending between two end walls along a first axis and two lateral walls along a second axis, one of the two end walls being provided with an insertion aperture and one of the two lateral walls being provided an insertion hole, the insertion aperture defining a first passageway and the insertion hole defining a second passageway, the first and second passageways intersecting each other at an intersection point; and a sensing unit contained within the frame and configured for measuring at least one of a displacement of the elongated member and a rotation of the elongated member, the sensing unit being positioned adjacent to the intersection point for performing the measurement of the at least one of the displacement and the rotation at the intersection point.

Abstract: A lung simulator including a lung bladder, a biasing system providing a relaxed expiration force to the lung bladder with a positive end-expiratory pressure and simulating lung compliance, and a frame holding the lung bladder and biasing member in position. The lung bladder may be inflated and deflated between a positive end-expiratory pressure and a peak inspiratory pressure through the means of a ventilator, a bag mask or mouth to mouth ventilation and may produce a pressure-volume curve similar to that of a lung when the lung bladder is connected to a ventilation source.

Abstract: There is described an artificial eye system comprising: a see-through display for displaying an image of an eye thereon; a light detector for detecting light propagating through the see-through display and coming from an external environment; and a controller for: generating the image of the eye using information about the light detected by the light detector; and displaying the generated image of the eye on the see-through display.

Abstract: An artificial eye system comprising: a display unit for displaying an image of an eye thereon, the display unit comprising a light cell adapted to selectively emit light and detect light; and a controller for controlling the display unit, the controller for: operating the display unit to concurrently detect light through the light cell and display an actual image of the eye; determining a next mage of the eye to be displayed on the display unit as a function of the detected light; and operating the display unit to display the next image.

Abstract: There is described a system for controlling an artificial body comprising at least one of at least one articulated body part and a sound reproduction device, the system comprising: a display unit for displaying an image of an eye thereon, the screen comprising a plurality of light cells each adapted to emit light, at least a given one of the light cells being adapted to selectively emit light and detect light; and a controller for controlling the display unit, the controller for: operating at least one first light cell each as a light detector in order to detect light incident thereon, the least one first light cell being selected among the at least a given one of the light cells; determining a reaction as a function of the detected light; and outputting a command indicative of the determined reaction.

Abstract: The present system and method determine a position on an external surface of an object. The system comprises a magnetic field measurement module and an ultrasound measurement module. A control unit stores a magnetic field map of the object comprising a first plurality of reference areas of the external surface of the object and associated reference magnetic field value. The control unit also stores an ultrasound map of the object comprising a second plurality of reference areas of the external surface of the object and associated reference ultrasound characteristic. The processing unit determines: a subset of the reference areas for which the associated reference magnetic field value is substantially equal to a measured magnetic field value, a subset of the reference areas for which the associated reference ultrasound characteristic is substantially equal to a measured ultrasound characteristic, and determines the position on the external surface of the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, comprising: a frame extending between two end walls along a first axis and two lateral walls along a second axis, one of the two end walls being provided with an insertion aperture and one of the two lateral walls being provided an insertion hole, the insertion aperture defining a first passageway and the insertion hole defining a second passageway, the first and second passageways intersecting each other at an intersection point; and a sensing unit contained within the frame and configured for measuring at least one of a displacement of the elongated member and a rotation of the elongated member, the sensing unit being positioned adjacent to the intersection point for performing the measurement of the at least one of the displacement and the rotation at the intersection point.

Abstract: A method for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, the method comprising: receiving one of an actual angular position and a rotation angle for a proximal section of the elongated instrument, at least a distal end of the elongated instrument being inserted into a medical apparatus; determining a distal angular position for the distal end of the elongated instrument inserted into the medical apparatus using an adjustment factor and the one of the actual angular position and the rotation angle for the proximal section of the elongated instrument; generating a medical image of at least a portion of the subject, the medical image comprising at least a representation of a distal section of the elongated instrument, the representation of the distal section being generated according to the distal angular position; and outputting the generated medical image.

Abstract: A modular apparatus comprising: at least one of: a proximal module comprising a proximal frame extending between a first proximal face and a first distal face each provided with a module aperture; and a distal module comprising a distal frame extending between a second proximal face and a second distal face, the second proximal face being provided with a hole; a measurement module comprising a measurement frame extending between a third proximal face and a third distal face each provided with a measurement aperture, the measurement module being removably securable to the proximal module and/or the distal module to form a passageway through which the elongated instrument is insertable; and a motion sensing unit for measuring a displacement of the elongated instrument along the passageway.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a proximal face and a distal face, the proximal face being provided with an insertion aperture for receiving therein the elongated instrument, the elongated instrument being movable along a path within the frame; a first optical sensor positioned within the frame for measuring a cross-sectional dimension of the elongated instrument; a second optical sensor positioned within the frame for measuring a displacement of the elongated instrument within the frame; and a control unit in communication with the first and second optical sensors and configured for: comparing the measured cross-sectional dimension of the elongated instrument to at least one reference dimension; upon positive comparison, triggering an activation of the second optical sensor; and outputting the measured displacement of the elongated instrument.

Abstract: The present system and method determine a position on an external surface of an object. The system comprises a magnetic field measurement module and an ultrasound measurement module. A control unit stores a magnetic field map of the object comprising a first plurality of reference areas of the external surface of the object and associated reference magnetic field value. The control unit also stores an ultrasound map of the object comprising a second plurality of reference areas of the external surface of the object and associated reference ultrasound characteristic. The processing unit determines: a subset of the reference areas for which the associated reference magnetic field value is substantially equal to a measured magnetic field value, a subset of the reference areas for which the associated reference ultrasound characteristic is substantially equal to a measured ultrasound characteristic, and determines the position on the external surface of the object.

Abstract: There is described an artificial eye system comprising: a display unit for displaying an image of an eye thereon, the screen comprising a plurality of light cells each adapted to emit light, at least a given one of the light cells being adapted to selectively emit light and detect light; and a controller for controlling the display unit, the controller for: operating at least one first light cell each as a light detector in order to detect light incident thereon, the least one first light cell being selected among the at least a given one of the light cells; determining an image of the eye to be displayed on the display unit as a function of the detected light; and operating second light cells each as a light emitter in order to display the determined image of the eye on the display unit, the second light cells being selected among the plurality of light cells.

Abstract: There is described an artificial eye system comprising: a see-through display for displaying an image of an eye thereon; a light detector for detecting light propagating through the see-through display and coming from an external environment; and a controller for: generating the image of the eye using information about the light detected by the light detector; and displaying the generated image of the eye on the see-through display.

Abstract: There is described a system for controlling an artificial body comprising at least one of at least one articulated body part and a sound reproduction device, the system comprising: a display unit for displaying an image of an eye thereon, the screen comprising a plurality of light cells each adapted to emit light, at least a given one of the light cells being adapted to selectively emit light and detect light; and a controller for controlling the display unit, the controller for: operating at least one first light cell each as a light detector in order to detect light incident thereon, the least one first light cell being selected among the at least a given one of the light cells; determining a reaction as a function of the detected light; and outputting a command indicative of the determined reaction.

Abstract: There is described a system for controlling an artificial body, the system comprising: a see-through display for displaying an image of an eye thereon; a light detector for detecting light propagating through the see-through display and coming from an external environment; and a controller for: determining a reaction for the artificial body using information about the light detected by the light detector; and outputting the determined reaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a defibrillating simulator comprising an apparatus for adapting a defibrillator for training. The apparatus for adapting a defibrillator for training comprises a pair of electrode covers to be mounted on electrodes of the defibrillator for receiving an electrical discharge generated by the defibrillator. The apparatus further comprises an impedance connected to the pair of electrode covers, the impedance absorbing some of the received electrical discharge and generates an electrically reduced electrical discharge. The apparatus comprises an analyzer for analyzing the electrically reduced electrical discharge and providing analysis data representative of the electrical discharge. The defibrillating simulator further comprises a scenario unit providing a training scenario comprising physiological data. The defibrillating simulator further comprises a processing unit for correlating the analysis data with the training scenario to generate training results.