Abstract: A power supply for a Light Emitting Diode (LED) traffic signal that controls the light intensity. The light intensity conforms to a predetermined pattern based on the input voltage root mean square value (Vrms). The input voltage is changed by acting on the amplitude of the sine wave or by using a triac and controlling the angle of fire. The power supply comprises a fuse module, an electromagnetic compatibility filter module, a power supply module, a LED load module, a current monitor module, a RMS-DC conversion module and a fuse blow out module.

Abstract: An LED traffic signal having a single switching power supply placed inside the load switch to supply power to each of the aspect signals. The traffic signal has several aspects, such as red, yellow and green. The load switch comprises a switching power supply to supply power to the signals, an output selection circuit to select the desired aspect, and a conflict monitor interface circuit to mimic an incandescent circuit.

Abstract: An LED traffic signal with a display indicating the remaining interval for the current display mode. A switching power supply provides cost of manufacturing and operational efficiencies. Interference with logic circuitry normally associated with switching power supplies is prevented by noise filtering circuitry and isolated ground planes on the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An LED signal with an LED light pipe collector and intelligent light degradation sensor. The light pipe collector captures LED light normally lost in a generally horizontal direction and redirects it into a generally vertical direction through use of total internal reflection. The light degradation sensor monitors LED signal light output. When light output degrades to a preset level, an electrical circuit triggers a disabling short circuit to deactivate the LED signal.

Abstract: An LED traffic signal having a single switching power supply placed inside the load switch to supply power to each of the aspect signals. The traffic signal has several aspects, such as red, yellow and green. The load switch comprises a switching power supply to supply power to the signals, an output selection circuit to select the desired aspect, and a conflict monitor interface circuit to mimic an incandescent circuit.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) signal with an LED light output monitoring sensor. If the LED light output drops below a pre-set level, an output signal of the sensor via a comparator and deactivation circuit, deactivates one or more LEDs creating a visible fault display aspect, thereby visually indicating signal failure but allowing a continued use of the signal prior to replacement.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) signal with an LED light output monitoring sensor. If the LED light output drops below a pre-set level, an output signal of the sensor via a comparator and deactivation circuit, deactivates one or more LEDs creating a visible fault display aspect, thereby visually indicating signal failure but allowing a continued use of the signal prior to replacement.

Abstract: An LED traffic signal with a display indicating the remaining interval for the current display mode. A switching power supply provides cost of manufacturing and operational efficiencies. Interference with logic circuitry normally associated with switching power supplies is prevented by noise filtering circuitry and isolated ground planes on the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An LED signal with an LED light pipe collector and intelligent light degradation sensor. The light pipe collector captures LED light normally lost in a generally horizontal direction and redirects it into a generally vertical direction through use of total internal reflection. The light degradation sensor monitors LED signal light output. When light output degrades to a preset level, an electrical circuit triggers a disabling short circuit to deactivate the LED signal.

Abstract: A conjugated diene sulfonation product represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or --SO.sub.3 X groups (X represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, an ammonium group or a quaternary ammonium group), at least one of said R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 being the --SO.sub.3 X group, a polymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product or a copolymer of the conjugated diene sulfonation product with a monomer copolymerizable therewith. The sulfonation product, the polymer and the copolymer are useful as a dispersing agent for preparing a solid fuel dispersion, a cement dispersion, a dye and/or pigment dispersion or a metal oxide dispersion or as a water-treating agent, a fiber-treating agent, a plating bath additive and an excavation-muddy water-viscosity-adjusting agent.