Abstract: Optical network interface systems and devices are described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that facilitate extending data retention time in a data retention device, such as a nanoscale resistive memory cell array, via assessing a resistance level in a tracking element associated with the memory array and refreshing the memory array upon a determination that the resistance of the tracking element has reached or exceeded a predetermined reference threshold resistance value. The tracking element can be a memory cell within the array itself and can have an initial resistance value that is substantially higher than an initial resistance value for a programmed memory cell in the array, such that resistance increase in the tracking cell will cause the tracking cell to reach the threshold value and trigger refresh of the array before data corruption/loss occurs in the core memory cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that facilitate extending data retention time in a data retention device, such as a nanoscale resistive memory cell array, via assessing a resistance level in a tracking element associated with the memory array and refreshing the memory array upon a determination that the resistance of the tracking element has reached or exceeded a predetermined reference threshold resistance value. The tracking element can be a memory cell within the array itself and can have an initial resistance value that is substantially higher than an initial resistance value for a programmed memory cell in the array, such that resistance increase in the tracking cell will cause the tracking cell to reach the threshold value and trigger refresh of the array before data corruption/loss occurs in the core memory cells.

Abstract: Encrypted email message structures can contain recipient information that can reveal, to any recipient, all of the other recipients of an email message. Because some recipients, such as recipients to whom the message was “blind carbon-copied”, should remain hidden from the other recipients, individual encrypted messages can be created. One encrypted message can be created for all of the recipients who are intended to be revealed, such as the recipients listed in the TO and CC fields of an email header. A second encrypted message can be created for all of the recipients of the message who are intended to be hidden, such as the recipient listed in the BCC field of an email header. Alternatively, multiple encrypted messages can be created individually for each recipient in the BCC field, if the BCC recipients are to be hidden even from other BCC recipients.

Abstract: Optical network interface systems and devices are described.

Abstract: Encrypted email message structures can contain recipient information that can reveal, to any recipient, all of the other recipients of an email message. Because some recipients, such as recipients to whom the message was “blind carbon-copied”, should remain hidden from the other recipients, individual encrypted messages can be created. One encrypted message can be created for all of the recipients who are intended to be revealed, such as the recipients listed in the TO and CC fields of an email header. A second encrypted message can be created for all of the recipients of the message who are intended to be hidden, such as the recipient listed in the BCC field of an email header. Alternatively, multiple encrypted messages can be created individually for each recipient in the BCC field, if the BCC recipients are to be hidden even from other BCC recipients.

Abstract: The invention constitutes a telephony based electronic voice greeting card service embodied within an adjunct processing system communicatively connected to a toll switching office of a public switched telephone network. The voice card system comprises a service controller, a storage node, an attendant controller and attendant services. The service controller is responsible for automatic processing of incoming and outgoing calls to provide the functionality for capturing new voice card messages, delivering voice card messages and status query of previously captured messages. The storage node provides a database of captured voice card message records, and the attendant controller in conjunction with the attendant services function to provide manual assistance to users. The voice card system allows a person, through use of a telephone, to create customized audio greeting cards by accessing various greetings through a comprehensive menu interface.