Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a resistive memory device. Embodiments of the present disclosure include a resistive memory device. The resistive memory device includes a bottom via couple to a bottom electrode layer. The bottom electrode layer is disposed over a substrate. The bottom electrode layer includes TiN, TaN, Ru, or combinations thereof. The resistive memory device further includes a switching layer disposed over the bottom electrode layer, a TaOx oxygen exchange layer disposed over the switching layer, and a top electrode layer disposed over the TaOx oxygen exchange layer. The resistive memory device further includes an encapsulation layer disposed across the resistive memory device and the substrate. A top metal filled via coupled to the top electrode layer. The top metal filled via is formed thorough the encapsulation layer and the interlayer dielectric fill.

Abstract: This invention takes advantages of color characteristics of medical devices for the cosmetic and indication purposes. For example, the appearances of the metallic brackets used in orthodontics are improved with colors other than the original metallic color by surface treatment using plasma techniques. For example, orthodontic brackets are made with piezochromic materials. When the archwire's torsion and bending forces are fading due to the movement of the teeth, the color of the pressure sensitive brackets will be changed, and the need of archwire's readjustment to have proper torsion and bending forces is signalized. For example, rehabilitation equipments are made with piezochromic materials. When the pressures exerting on the rehabilitation equipments are different, different colors of the equipments are displayed, and the therapists can then act accordingly.