Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for performing an intraoral scan may analyzing and determine, in real time as the scan is occurring or immediately thereafter, one or more treatments based on the scan data, as well as patient-specific data and/or personalized doctor preferences. For example, these methods and apparatuses may be configured to detect one or more treatable orthodontic issues while scanning the patient and propose treatments (including orthodontic appliances) by calculating one or more metrics from the ongoing scan that indicate the need for particular treatments (e.g., interventions).

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for dental arch expansion. A polymeric shell including teeth receiving cavities may be shaped to impart an arch expansion force onto a first tooth of one or more teeth to move the one or more teeth from a first position a first distance from a midline of the arch to a second position a second distance from the midline of the arch, the second distance being greater than the first distance. An occlusal feature extending outward from an occlusal wall of a tooth receiving cavity may be configured to contact an outer occlusal surface of an opposing appliance to impart an anti-tipping force onto the first tooth. The anti-tipping force may be of a magnitude and direction to counteract a tipping moment generated at least in part due to the arch expansion force.

Abstract: A method provides a palatal expansion previewer tool. The method includes receiving scan data of a craniofacial structure of a patient; identifying one or more parameters corresponding to a palatal expansion treatment plan for the patient; processing the data of the craniofacial structure of the patient and the one or more parameters to generate a visualization of a predicted outcome of the craniofacial structure affected by the palatal expansion treatment plan; and providing, for display in a user interface of a user device, the visualization of the predicted outcome.

Abstract: A method provides a visualization of cross-section plane and reference points for palatal expansion treatment. The method includes identifying one or more 3D dental models of a patient, wherein the one or more 3D dental models correspond to a palatal expansion treatment plan for the patient; determining a 2D cross-section of each the one or more 3D dental models that intersects a first portion of the each of the one or more 3D dental models at a corresponding first location; providing, for display on a UI of a user device, the 2D cross-section of each of the one or more 3D dental models; determining one or more palatal expansion measurements at the 2D cross-section for an amount of palatal expansion associated with the palatal expansion treatment plan at a stage of treatment; and providing, for display on the UI of the user device, the one or more palatal expansion measurements.

Abstract: A method provides a palatal expansion management tool. The method includes receiving scan data of a craniofacial structure of a patient, providing the scan data as input to an artificial intelligence (AI) model trained to provide a recommended palatal expansion treatment plan for the patient; receiving, as output from the AI model, the recommended palatal expansion treatment plan; and providing, to a user device, the recommended palatal expansion treatment plan.

Abstract: A method provides automated palatal expansion treatment planning based on lower arch final position. The method includes identifying a plurality of reference points within one or more three-dimensional (3D) dental models of a patient; determining one or more tooth measurements based on the plurality of reference points; determining, based on the one or more tooth measurements, a recommended palatal expansion amount for a palatal expansion treatment plan for the patient; and providing, to a user device, the recommended palatal expansion amount.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating layered appliances are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes generating a digital model of a polymeric shell including a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities shaped to receive and reposition a patient's teeth from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement. The polymeric shell can include an interior layer having a first stiffness, and an exterior layer having a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness. The exterior layer can include a discontinuity formed therein. The method can further include transmitting the digital model to a fabrication system configured to fabricate the polymeric shell based on the digital model.

Abstract: Improved orthodontic appliances, along with related systems and methods, are provided. In one aspect, a method for fabricating a dental appliance includes fabricating a shell of a dental appliance via an additive manufacturing process. The shell can include a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities shaped to reposition a patient's dentition from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement. The shell can include a first polymeric material having a first elastic modulus. The method may further include fabricating an elastic coating on a surface of the shell, where the elastic coating includes a second polymeric material having a second elastic modulus. When the dental appliance is worn on the patient's dentition, the shell and the elastic coating are stretched by placement of the shell and the elastic coating on the patient's dentition, and the elastic coating resists the stretching to apply one or more forces onto the patient's dentition.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating orthodontic appliances are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes directly fabricating a shell using an additive manufacturing technique. The shell can have an interior surface and an exterior surface. The interior surface can include a plurality of teeth-receiving cavities shaped to reposition a patient's dentition from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement. The method may also include directly fabricating an elastic region joined to the shell using an additive manufacturing technique, concurrently with directly fabricating the shell.

Abstract: A method includes to receive, via a computing device, data representing a plurality of teeth, identify data indicating which of the plurality of teeth are unerupted or erupting, predict at least one characteristic of a tooth of the unerupted or erupting teeth after they have fully erupted using one or more tooth eruption prediction factors, generate new data representing the unerupted or erupting teeth in multiple states of eruption based upon the predicted at least one characteristic of the fully erupted teeth, and generate a series of incremental tooth arrangements with the new data to define a proposed orthodontic treatment based on the new data representing the unerupted or erupting teeth in multiple states of eruption.

Abstract: A method includes to receive, via a computing device, data representing a plurality of teeth, identify data indicating which of the plurality of teeth are unerupted or erupting, predict at least one characteristic of a tooth of the unerupted or erupting teeth after they have fully erupted using one or more tooth eruption prediction factors, generate new data representing the unerupted or erupting teeth in multiple states of eruption based upon the predicted at least one characteristic of the fully erupted teeth, and generate a series of incremental tooth arrangements with the new data to define a proposed orthodontic treatment based on the new data representing the unerupted or erupting teeth in multiple states of eruption.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for orthodontic treatment planning for dentitions with un-erupted or partially erupted teeth. Three-dimensional (3D) descriptors may be indexed on a database by tooth type, with each 3D descriptor including spatial parameters associated with teeth of the same tooth type. The 3D descriptors may have a minimum distance to other 3D descriptors in 3D descriptor space. Methods may include receiving a tooth type of an at least partially un-erupted tooth of a patient, and estimating a shape of the at least partially un-erupted tooth based on at least one of the 3D descriptors with the same tooth type of the at least partially un-erupted tooth.

Abstract: Methods for and media with instruction to cause acquiring known dimensions of a tooth, applying a multivariant regression model using the known dimensions to calculate projected dimensions of the unerupted or erupting tooth, customizing a standard virtual geometry and/or a predefined virtual geometry using the projected dimensions of the unerupted or erupting tooth, and inserting the customized virtual geometry into a virtual model of the patient's jaw, and planning the movement of the teeth of the patient and designing a series of removable orthodontic aligners using the virtual model, the series of removable orthodontic aligners configured to be worn by the patient to incrementally align the teeth according to the planned movement.

Abstract: Systems and methods for forming eruption compensation (EC) features in dental appliances for accommodating erupting teeth. An EC feature may be oversized compared to a predicted geometry of an erupting tooth, thereby allowing natural eruption of the tooth when a subject wears the dental appliance. The size, shape, location and/or orientation of the EC feature may be determined based on a virtual EC region in a virtual dental model of the subject's teeth. Dimensions of the virtual EC region may be calculated using a scaling process applied to the predicted geometry of the erupting tooth. In some cases an asymmetric scaling may be used to provide a prescribed larger lingual or buccal side of the EC region to accommodate an ectopically erupting tooth.

Abstract: Computer readable media for predicting a tooth shape for at least partially un-erupted teeth and dental appliances formed therefrom. In some examples, methods include generating orthoscopic views of virtual representations of an identified tooth type in different orthogonal directions, representing bounding shapes around the orthoscopic views, and applying principal component analysis on the bounding shapes to predict a tooth shape. In some examples, methods include generating a spherical harmonic signature for virtual representations of an identified tooth type, calculating a distance between spherical harmonic signatures to predict the tooth shape. The predicted tooth shape of the at least partially un-erupted tooth may be incorporated into virtual dentition model(s) of a dentition in accordance with an orthodontic treatment plan for treating the dentition.

Abstract: A series of appliances including a first shell and a second shell can be designed to incrementally implement a treatment plan. The first and second shells can have cavities designed to receive teeth of a jaw. A first number of bite adjustment structures can be formed of a same material as the first shell, extending therefrom and designed to interface with teeth of a second jaw. The first number of bite adjustment structures can have a first shape and location specific to a first stage of the treatment plan. A second number of bite adjustment structures can be formed of a same material as the second shell, extending therefrom and designed to interface with teeth of the second jaw. The second number of bite adjustment structures can have a second shape and location, different than the first shape and location, specific to a second stage of the treatment plan.

Abstract: A series of appliances including a first shell and a second shell can be designed to incrementally implement a treatment plan. The first and second shells can have cavities designed to receive teeth of a jaw. A first number of bite adjustment structures can be formed of a same material as the first shell, extending therefrom and designed to interface with teeth of a second jaw. The first number of bite adjustment structures can have a first shape and location specific to a first stage of the treatment plan. A second number of bite adjustment structures can be formed of a same material as the second shell, extending therefrom and designed to interface with teeth of the second jaw. The second number of bite adjustment structures can have a second shape and location, different than the first shape and location, specific to a second stage of the treatment plan.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically determining an eruption status and/or primary or permanent tooth type of a target tooth. Methods may include determining tooth shape features of the target tooth from a 3D model of the patient's teeth. The methods may also include normalizing at least some of the tooth shape features using the tooth shape features of one or more reference teeth. The normalized tooth shape features may be applied to a classifier. Applying the normalized tooth shape features to the classifier may include applying either a first level binary classifier or a first level binary classifier and a second level binary classifier to the normalized tooth shape features.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for assessing a dental x-ray image and predicting tooth eruption and/or exfoliation. The apparatuses may use one or more trained neural networks to assess a patient's x-rays as well as dental measurements determined from the patient's x-rays to predict approximately when a permanent tooth may erupt to replace a baby tooth. The neural networks may be trained using a data training set of x-ray images and accompanying dental measurement data.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for detecting the eruption state (e.g., tooth type and/or eruption status) of a target tooth. A patient's dentition may be scanned and/or segmented. A target tooth may be identified. Dental features, principal component analysis (PCA) features, and/or other features may be extracted and compared to those of other teeth, such as those obtained through automated machine learning systems. A detector can identify and/or output the eruption state of the target tooth, such as whether the target tooth is a fully erupted primary tooth, a permanent partially erupted/un-erupted tooth, or a fully erupted permanent tooth.