Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for manufacturing a bone graft substitute. A powder compaction process is utilized to generate a shaped product comprised of a bone material and in some embodiments a processing aid is utilized to facilitate compaction of the bone material and/or for release of the product from the die. In one aspect of the present invention, the manufacturing process comprises a withdrawal press having a shelf die, a lower punch, and an upper punch, wherein at least both the shelf die and lower punch are configured to impart at least part of the shape of the particle upon the material.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods, devices, and systems for preventing complications, including for example, infection associated with any percutaneous or external fixation of bones by placing a pharmacological sleeve over an external fixation element. The pharmacological sleeve may be comprised of a polymer sleeve having one or more internal splines along at least part of the inner surface of the sleeve. The sleeve may be suffused or coated on any or all surfaces with a pharmacological coating which allows accumulation of drugs in the tissue surrounding the external fixation element, thereby reducing potential complications.