Abstract: Roughened tool surfaces for thermoset composite layups and systems and methods including the same are disclosed herein. The systems include a first tool that includes a first tool body that defines the roughened tool surface and a second tool that defines a second tool surface. The roughened tool surface is shaped to receive and to form a plurality of plies of composite thermoset composite material, which defines a thermoset composite layup. A roughness of the roughened tool surface is within a predefined roughness range. The second tool surface is configured to receive a plurality of discrete thermoset composite layups and to be heated with the plurality of discrete thermoset composite layups to cure the plurality of discrete thermoset composite layups and define a thermoset composite structure. The methods include methods of forming the thermoset composite structure utilizing the first tool and the second tool.