Abstract: A rules engine for applying rules from a reviewing network to data signals from an originating network is described. The rules engine includes a processor coupled to a memory device. The rules engine is coupled to the reviewing network, and is configured to receive an authorization data signal from the originating network. The authorization data signal includes authorization data for at least one transaction that has been processed by the originating network. The originating network and the reviewing network are payment networks. Additionally, the rules engine generates an authorization response data signal that includes authorization response data by comparing the authorization data to the rules stored in the memory device. The authorization response data indicates whether the reviewing network authorizes or declines the at least one transaction included in the authorization data. The rules engine transmits the clearance response data signal to the originating network.

Abstract: A rules engine for applying rules from a reviewing network to data signals from an originating network is described. The rules engine includes a processor coupled to a memory device. The rules engine is coupled to the reviewing network, and is configured to receive an authorization data signal from the originating network. The authorization data signal includes authorization data for at least one transaction that has been processed by the originating network. The originating network and the reviewing network are payment networks. Additionally, the rules engine generates an authorization response data signal that includes authorization response data by comparing the authorization data to the rules stored in the memory device. The authorization response data indicates whether the reviewing network authorizes or declines the at least one transaction included in the authorization data. The rules engine transmits the clearance response data signal to the originating network.

Abstract: A rules engine for applying rules from a reviewing network to data signals from an originating network is described. The rules engine includes a processor coupled to a memory device. The rules engine is coupled to the reviewing network, and is configured to receive an authorization data signal from the originating network. The authorization data signal includes authorization data for at least one transaction that has been processed by the originating network. The originating network and the reviewing network are payment networks. Additionally, the rules engine generates an authorization response data signal that includes authorization response data by comparing the authorization data to the rules stored in the memory device. The authorization response data indicates whether the reviewing network authorizes or declines the at least one transaction included in the authorization data. The rules engine transmits the clearance response data signal to the originating network.

Abstract: A rules engine for applying rules from a reviewing network to data signals from an originating network is described. The rules engine includes a processor coupled to a memory device. The rules engine is coupled to the reviewing network, and is configured to receive an authorization data signal from the originating network. The authorization data signal includes authorization data for at least one transaction that has been processed by the originating network. The originating network and the reviewing network are payment networks. Additionally, the rules engine generates an authorization response data signal that includes authorization response data by comparing the authorization data to the rules stored in the memory device. The authorization response data indicates whether the reviewing network authorizes or declines the at least one transaction included in the authorization data. The rules engine transmits the clearance response data signal to the originating network.

Abstract: Watermarked paper, preferably shadow-watermarked paper is produced in conventional manner and then size-press dyed using a pigment dyestuff composition. This results in unusual and attractive decorative effects as a result of preferential dye take-up in parts of the watermarked areas, resulting in enhanced contrast between watermarked and non-watermarked areas of the paper. The invention finds particular application in wallpaper base, but can also be used in decorative or security papers. The pigment dyestuff can be fluorescent for security paper use.

Abstract: Watermarked paper, preferably shadow-watermarked paper is produced in conventional manner and then size-press dyed using a pigment dyestuff composition. This results in unusual and attractive decorative effects as a result of preferential dye take-up in parts of the watermarked areas, resulting in enhanced contrast between watermarked and non-watermarked areas of the paper. The invention finds particular application in wallpaper base, but can also be used in decorative or security papers. The pigment dyestuff can be fluorescent for security paper use.

Abstract: A mobile phone with adaptive interface is disclosed. The frequency distribution table stores frequency occurrences of each character in messages entered into or received by the mobile phone. When entering text messages, a controller displays the character of the character group on a display in an order based on the frequency distribution stored in the frequency distribution table, whenever input means is operated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wrapping a loop of film about a pallet, which supports a layer of products, and a guide, through which said layer passes, to prevent crushing and/or displacement of the product layer. Subsequent product layers are similarly protected by looping film about a previous loop of film and said guide. The guide is designed to facilitate removal of the film looped thereabout as the product layers are lowered.

Abstract: Wheeled carts are pushed onto an inlet end of a conveyor and are automatically advanced, one at a time, to a cross conveyor for delivery to a cart loader conveyor. A cart loader is provided near the outlet end of the cart loader conveyor for automatically loading bundles into a wheeled cart. The input conveyor advances wheeled carts one cart position at a time. Cart positions along the input conveyor are monitored by sensors to automatically control advancement of wheeled carts therealong. A cart delivered from the outlet end of the input conveyor to the cross conveyor activates a cross conveyor limit switch advancing the cart delivered thereto to a position for feeding a wheeled cart onto the cart loader conveyor. A limit switch is actuated when the wheeled cart reaches this position where upon a push bar pushes the cart activating the limit switch onto the cart loader conveyor. The conveyor system in cart handling are preferably operated by hydraulic devices due to their compactness.

Abstract: A gas cooled arc welding torch has inner and outer metal heat transfer sleeves disposed in telescoped relation and defining a longitudinally extending gas channel therebetween and having a welding tip at one end thereof supported by the inner heat transfer sleeve in heat transfer relationship and enveloped in gas flowing through the gas channel.