Abstract: A rendering cost estimation method is provided for generating a rendering cost estimate that that is sufficiently close to an actual rendering cost that would be incurred if computer-generated images were actually rendered from a computer-graphics model. A plurality of cost factors that affect the actual rendering cost are identified. Representative information, including rendering cost estimation parameters that adequately characterize the cost factors, is derived from the computer-graphics model. The estimation parameters are combined with rendering cost estimation relationships that express the affect of the cost factors on the rendering cost. A rendering cost estimate is generated based on the estimation parameters derived from the computer-graphics model and the estimation relationships.

Abstract: A rendering cost estimation method is provided for generating a rendering cost estimate that that is sufficiently close to an actual rendering cost that would be incurred if computer-generated images were actually rendered from a computer-graphics model. A plurality of cost factors that affect the actual rendering cost are identified. Representative information, including rendering cost estimation parameters that adequately characterize the cost factors, is derived from the computer-graphics model. The estimation parameters are combined with rendering cost estimation relationships that express the affect of the cost factors on the rendering cost. A rendering cost estimate is generated based on the estimation parameters derived from the computer-graphics model and the estimation relationships.

Abstract: A rendering cost estimation method is provided for generating a rendering cost estimate that that is sufficiently close to an actual rendering cost that would be incurred if computer-generated images were actually rendered from a computer-graphics model. A plurality of cost factors that affect the actual rendering cost are identified. Representative information, including rendering cost estimation parameters that adequately characterize the cost factors, is derived from the computer-graphics model. The estimation parameters are combined with rendering cost estimation relationships that express the affect of the cost factors on the rendering cost. A rendering cost estimate is generated based on the estimation parameters derived from the computer-graphics model and the estimation relationships.

Abstract: A method for modifying an ocular implant polymer surface by the gamma-irradiation or electron beam irradiation induced polymerization thereon of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate or a mixture thereof while maintaining the following conditions:(a) monomer concentration in the range of from about 0.1% to about 50%, by weight;(b) total gamma dose in the range of from about 0.001 to less than about 0.50 Mrad; and(c) gamma dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 2500 rads/minute or electron beam irradiation dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 10.sup.8 rads/minute.

Abstract: Improved medical devices and instruments prepared by an improved method of producing hydrophilic, gamma-irradiation or electron beam-irradiation induced polymerized and chemically grafted coatings or plastic surfaces of articles adapted for contacting living tissue,the improvement comprising carrying out the graft polymerization in an aqueous solution under specific combinations of the following conditions:1) monomer concentration in the range of from about 0.1% to about 50%, by weight;2) total gamma or electron beam irradiation dose in the range of from about 0.001 to less than about 0.50 Mrad; and3) gamma dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 2500 rads/min or electron beam-irradiation dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 10.sup.8 rads/min.

Abstract: Improved medical devices and instruments prepared by an improved method of producing hydrophilic, gamma irradiation induced polymerized and chemically grafted coatings or plastic surfaces of articles adapted for contacting living tissue, the improvement comprising carrying out the graft polymerization in an aqueous solution under specific combinations of the following conditions:(1) monomer concentration in the range of from about 0.5% to about 50%, by weight;(2) total gamma dose in the range of from about 0.01 to less than about 0.50 Mrad;(3) gamma dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 2500 rads/min; and(4) maintaining the molecular weight of the polymer in solution in the range of from about 250,000 to about 5,000,000.

Abstract: A method for modifying a PMMA surface by the gamma-irradiation induced polymerization thereon of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate or a mixture thereof while maintaining the following conditions:(a) monomer concentration in the range of from about 0.5% to about 50%, by weight;(b) total gamma dose in the range of from about 0.01 to less than about 0.50 Mrad;(c) gamma dose rate in the range of from about 10 to about 2500 rads/minute; and(d) maintaining the molecular weight of the polymer in solution in the range of from about 250,000 to about 5,000,000.The invention also relates to modifying polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate and silicon surfaces according to a similar method as well as materials produced by the above methods which are useful as ocular implants.