Abstract: A system for an engine includes first, second, third, and fourth modules. The first module determines an expected response of crankshaft speed due to combustion within a cylinder of the engine. The second module determines a value based on the expected response and a measured response of crankshaft speed due to combustion within the cylinder of the engine. The third module estimates an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) for the cylinder of the engine based on the value. The fourth module selectively adjusts an operating parameter of the engine based in the estimated IMEP.

Abstract: The invention is a cell aggregation device comprising a hydrogel substrate having at least one, preferably a plurality, of cell-repellant compartments recessed into the uppermost surface. Each compartment is composed of an upper cell suspension seeding chamber having an open uppermost portion and a bottom portion, and one, or more than one, lower cell aggregation recess connected to the bottom portion of the upper cell suspension seeding chamber by a port. The diameter of the port may be fully contiguous with the walls of the chambers and walls of the recesses, or the diameter of the port may be more narrow than the walls of the chamber but fully contiguous with the walls of the recesses or more narrow than both the walls of the chamber and the walls of the recesses. The upper cell suspension seeding chambers are formed and positioned to funnel the cells into the lower cell aggregation recesses through gravitational force.

Abstract: A system for an engine includes first, second, third, and fourth modules. The first module determines an expected response of crankshaft speed due to combustion within a cylinder of the engine. The second module determines a value based on the expected response and a measured response of crankshaft speed due to combustion within the cylinder of the engine. The third module estimates an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) for the cylinder of the engine based on the value. The fourth module selectively adjusts an operating parameter of the engine based in the estimated IMEP.

Abstract: A method of detecting a misfire of an engine includes determining a range of sub-harmonic frequencies of one of a crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. The range of sub-harmonic frequencies is determined based on a fundamental frequency. The sub-harmonic frequencies are less than the fundamental frequency. Frequency content magnitudes are generated based on the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies and a Discrete Fourier Transform of at least one of the crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. An energy from velocity non-uniformity (EVN) signal is generated based on the frequency content magnitudes and the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies. The misfire is detected based on the EVN signal and a misfire threshold.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle includes a filtering module and an indicated work module. The filtering module generates engine speeds based on positions of teeth of a toothed wheel that rotates with a crankshaft and based on a crankshaft position signal generated by a crankshaft position sensor. The crankshaft position sensor generates the crankshaft position signal based on rotation of the toothed wheel. The indicated work module generates an indicated work for a combustion cycle of a cylinder of an engine based on squares of first and second ones of the engine speeds and outputs the indicated work.

Abstract: A method of detecting a misfire of an engine includes determining a range of sub-harmonic frequencies of one of a crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. The range of sub-harmonic frequencies is determined based on a fundamental frequency. The sub-harmonic frequencies are less than the fundamental frequency. Frequency content magnitudes are generated based on the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies and a Discrete Fourier Transform of at least one of the crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. An energy from velocity non-uniformity (EVN) signal is generated based on the frequency content magnitudes and the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies. The misfire is detected based on the EVN signal and a misfire threshold.

Abstract: A process for analyzing a sub-model associated with a full system model as often depicted as an influence diagram. The process includes defining the sub-model as a collection of entities where some entities are calculation entities and some are data entities. The process converts the calculation entities in the sub-model that depend on entities in the fall model outside of the sub-model to temporary data entities. Further, the process deletes any data entity in the sub-model from which any converted temporary data entity depends. The process also determines if there are any isolated cycles in the sub-model, and, if so, which of the entities in the isolated cycle will be an output entity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating time-based identifiers that are used for identifying items is described. In one embodiment, a master key is assigned to an electronic tag. Time-based other keys are generated based on the master key. Time-based identifiers are generated based on the time-based other keys. The time-based identifiers are useful only for a period of time to a holder of the time-based other keys.

Abstract: A liquid distribution system for an evaporative heat rejection system that includes a heat transfer surface is disclosed. The liquid distribution system includes a plurality of liquid conduits adapted to transport liquid for distribution over the heat transfer surface, and each liquid conduit having at least one orifice. At least a first orifice in a first conduit and a second orifice in a second conduit are positioned such that when the liquid is transported under a predetermined pressure thought the conduits, the liquid is emitted from the first and second orifices in first and second streams, respectively, that collide at a collision site, thus causing liquid to be scattered from the collision site and distributed over the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: A system and method of planning the movement of plural trains over a network of track by simulating the movement of the trains over the network of track.

Abstract: The invention is a cell aggregation device comprising a hydrogel substrate having at least one, preferably a plurality, of cell-repellant compartments recessed into the uppermost surface. Each compartment is composed of an upper cell suspension seeding chamber having an open uppermost portion and a bottom portion, and one, or more than one, lower cell aggregation recess connected to the bottom portion of the upper cell suspension seeding chamber by a port. The diameter of the port may be fully contiguous with the walls of the chambers and walls of the recesses, or the diameter of the port may be more narrow than the walls of the chamber but fully contiguous with the walls of the recesses or more narrow than both the walls of the chamber and the walls of the recesses. The upper cell suspension seeding chambers are formed and positioned to funnel the cells into the lower cell aggregation recesses through gravitational force.

Abstract: A web navigation system includes a virtual link creator that creates an electronic file that contains positional data of a physical location and a web address of a web page associated with the physical location. A virtual link server system receives the electronic file. The server system can transmit the electronic file to any remote receiver system that is near the physical location via a communication network. A receiver system, capable of communicating with the server system and accessing external Internet, receives the electronic file from the server system when the receiver system is near the physical location such that the web address of the web page is virtually posted at the physical location without employing a physical object to host the web address at the physical location. A system for creating such a virtual link is also described. Also described is a system for virtually posting a web address of a web page associated with a physical location.

Abstract: A method for providing a functional visualization of a spreadsheet. The method includes correlating spreadsheet cells with both data entities and calculation entities in an influence diagram, and then automatically updating the entities in the influence diagram in response to changes made to the spreadsheet, or automatically updating the spreadsheet in response to changes made to the entities in the influence diagram. The method includes identifying one or more cells in a spreadsheet as a data cell or a calculation cell, and then identifying corresponding data entities and calculation entities in the influence diagram. The entities in the influence diagram can have predetermined attributes (color, shape, images, etc.) depending on their function.

Abstract: A filter has multiple pleated filter elements having axially extending channels having a transverse pleat channel height and a lateral channel width. The pleated filter elements have different channel heights.

Abstract: A channel filter is provided by corrugated fluted flow channels folded back and forth transversely to the pleats.

Abstract: A system for providing Internet-related services to a handheld device is described. The system includes a client module embedded in the handheld device to enable the handheld device to send a Universal Resource Locator (URL) via a communication link. The URL indicates a desired web page. The system also includes a receiver that receives the URL sent from the handheld device via the communication link. A web access module is coupled to the receiver and external Internet to access and retrieve the desired web page from a remote web server via the external Internet. A render system is coupled to the web access module to render the retrieved web page to the user of the handheld device.

Abstract: A throttle control device for transmitting signals to an electronic fuel control system for a vehicle engine is provided that includes an electromagnetic field generator and first and second electromagnetic field sensors positioned proximal to electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field and the first and second sensors being manipulatable relative to each other, and the sensors being responsive to the relative manipulation. The sensors configured to independently transmit signals representative of said relative manipulation.

Abstract: A recovery tank is provided for a floor cleaning unit. The recovery tank comprises an inlet opening and a duct fluidly connected to the inlet. The duct extends horizontally within the tank adjacent a side wall the recovery tank for directing air and liquid from the inlet opening in two opposing directions. A lid covers the tank and has an outlet opening for directing air out of the recovery tank. A pair of shields depends downwardly from the lid and extends from the duct to the side wall of the recovery tank. The outlet opening of the lid is located between the shields such that the shields prevent liquid from coming out of the duct and entering the outlet opening of the lid.