Abstract: The subject disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for executing operations related to procurement of individualized medicine therapies. Also disclosed are embodiments systems, methods, and devices for accessing a wide range of individualized medicine platform modules. Furthermore, disclosed herein are individualized medicine platform systems, methods and devices communicatively coupled to blockchain computing systems comprising several nodes. The disclosed systems, methods, and devices also generate chain of custody and chain of identity event data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transportable bio-cement comprising a desiccated microorganism package; where the microorganism package comprises one or more microorganisms; a first binder, where the first binder is produced by the microorganism; and where the microorganism has protected itself by a layer of the first binder; where the transportable bio-cement is devoid of moisture. Disclosed herein too is a method of manufacturing a transportable dry composition comprising blending together a microorganism package; a nutrient; and a liquid; activating the microorganism package to produce a first binder; subjecting the microorganism package to desiccation to form a transportable bio-cement; and blending the transportable bio-cement with an aggregate to form a bio-concrete; where the aggregate comprises a substrate, a second binder, and a liquid.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell. The cell includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume, and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium, where the anode is configured as a freestanding assembly. Additionally, the jelly roll comprises a cathode comprising sulfur. Further, the jelly roll comprises a first separator between a first side of the anode and a first side of the cathode. In cylindrical cell formats, the jelly roll comprises a windable second separator. As the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with both a second side of the anode and with a second side of the cathode. Alternatively, as the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with the second side of the anode and with a cathode current collector.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell. The cell includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume, and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium, where the anode is configured as a freestanding assembly. Additionally, the jelly roll comprises a cathode comprising sulfur. Further, the jelly roll comprises a first separator between a first side of the anode and a first side of the cathode. In cylindrical cell formats, the jelly roll comprises a windable second separator. As the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with both a second side of the anode and with a second side of the cathode. Alternatively, as the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with the second side of the anode and with a cathode current collector.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery includes a casing having a length and a width, the casing including at least an anode and a cathode wound into a jelly roll oriented parallel to the length of the casing, an electrolyte disposed in the lithium-sulfur battery, a negative terminal extending along the length of the casing, and a positive terminal extending along the length of the casing, the positive terminal and the negative terminal parallel to one another.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a battery including a cathode, an anode positioned opposite the cathode and a carbon interface layer. The carbon interface layer includes an electrically insulating flaky carbon layer conformally encapsulating the anode. A plurality of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) defining a plurality of interstitial pore volumes are interspersed throughout the electrically insulating flaky carbon layer. An electrolyte is in contact with the carbon interface layer and the cathode. A separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The electrically insulating flaky carbon layer can include graphene oxide (GO). The plurality of interstitial pore volumes can be configured to transport lithium (Li) ions between the anode and the cathode via the plurality of interstitial pore volumes in a bulk phase of the electrolyte. The carbon interface layer can be configured to inhibit growth of Li dendritic structures from the anode towards the cathode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a battery including a cathode an anode positioned opposite the cathode. The anode includes a hybrid artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (A-SEI) layer encapsulating the anode. The hybrid A-SEI layer includes a first active component, a second active component disposed on the first active component, and a plurality of carbon-containing aggregates interwoven throughout the first and second active components and configured to inhibit growth of Li dendritic structures from the anode towards the cathode. A separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes a porous carbon-based structure configured to expand in a presence of polysulfide (PS) shuttle within one or more portions of the battery. An electrolyte is dispersed between the anode and the cathode and in contact with both the anode and the cathode. The plurality of carbon-containing aggregates can include a polymer, which includes a cross-linked polymeric network.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a battery including a cathode, an anode positioned opposite the cathode and a carbon interface layer. The carbon interface layer includes an electrically insulating flaky carbon layer conformally encapsulating the anode. A plurality of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) defining a plurality of interstitial pore volumes are interspersed throughout the electrically insulating flaky carbon layer. An electrolyte is in contact with the carbon interface layer and the cathode. A separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The electrically insulating flaky carbon layer can include graphene oxide (GO). The plurality of interstitial pore volumes can be configured to transport lithium (Li) ions between the anode and the cathode via the plurality of interstitial pore volumes in a bulk phase of the electrolyte. The carbon interface layer can be configured to inhibit growth of Li dendritic structures from the anode towards the cathode.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery including an anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte dispersed throughout the lithium-sulfur battery is provided. The anode may output lithium ions. The cathode may be positioned opposite to the anode and have an overall porosity as defined by multiple non-hollow carbon spherical (NHCS) particles joined together to form tubular NHCS particle agglomerate. Pores may be associated with the overall porosity of the cathode and interspersed uniformly throughout the NHCS particles. In some aspects, each pore having a diameter between 1 nm and 10 nm; and each tubular NCHS agglomerate has a length between 5 micrometers (?m) and 35 ?m. Interconnected channels defined in shape by the NHCS particles may be joined to each other and the pores, where some interconnected channels may be pre-loaded with an elemental sulfur and retain polysulfides (PS). Retention of the polysulfides may be based on some NHCS particles.

Abstract: A cathode may be formed with one or more regions positioned adjacent to one another. At least one region may include particles, where each particle includes carbon fragments and a deformable perimeter that may coalesce with adjacent particles. At least one region may include aggregates, where each aggregate may be formed of several particles joined to one another. Pores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates. At least one region may include agglomerates, where each agglomerate may be formed of a multitude of the aggregates joined to one other. At least one region further comprises a selectively permeable shell configured to form a separated liquid phase on the selectively permeable shell. The cathode may include at least one electrically-conductive region. At least one region has an electrical conductivity in an approximate range between 500 S/m to 20,000 S/m at a pressure of 12,000 pounds per square in (psi).

Abstract: This disclosure provides a battery comprising a cathode and an anode positioned opposite the cathode. A hybrid artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (A-SEI) layer is deposited on the anode and includes a plurality of active components. A blended material is interwoven throughout the plurality of active components and configured to inhibit growth of Lithium (Li) dendritic structures from the anode to the cathode. The blended material includes a combination of crystalline sp2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a plurality of flexible wrinkle areas positioned at joinder points of two of more of the crystalline sp2-bound carbon domains of graphene sheets and a polymeric matrix configured to bind the plurality of active components and the blended material together. An electrolyte is in contact with the hybrid A-SEI and the cathode and a separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The blended material includes curable carboxylate salts of metals.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a battery including a cathode, an anode positioned opposite the cathode and a carbon interface layer. The carbon interface layer includes an electrically insulating flaky carbon layer conformally encapsulating the anode. A plurality of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) defining a plurality of interstitial pore volumes are interspersed throughout the electrically insulating flaky carbon layer. An electrolyte is in contact with the carbon interface layer and the cathode. A separator is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The electrically insulating flaky carbon layer can include graphene oxide (GO). The plurality of interstitial pore volumes can be configured to transport lithium (Li) ions between the anode and the cathode via the plurality of interstitial pore volumes in a bulk phase of the electrolyte. The carbon interface layer can be configured to inhibit growth of Li dendritic structures from the anode towards the cathode.

Abstract: A composition of matter suitable for incorporation into a battery electrode is disclosed. In some implementations, the composition of matter may include pores that may be defined in size or shape by several carbonaceous particles. Each of the particles may have multiple regions such that adjacent regions are separated from each other by some of the pores. Deformable regions may be distributed throughout a perimeter of each of the particles, for example, to accommodate coalescence of multiple adjacent particles. The composition of matter may also include a plurality of aggregates and a plurality of agglomerates, where each aggregate includes a multitude of the particles joined together, and each agglomerate includes a multitude of the aggregates joined together.

Abstract: A cathode may be formed form a first porous carbonaceous region and a second porous carbonaceous region positioned adjacent to the first porous carbonaceous region. Each region may have a corresponding concentration level of porous carbonaceous materials. Specifically, each region may include pores and non-tri-zone particles and tri-zone particles. In one implementation, each tri-zone particle may include carbon fragments intertwined with each other and separated from one another by mesopores. Each tri-zone particle may also include a deformable perimeter that may coalesce with adjacent non-tri-zone particles or tri-zone particles. In some aspects, the tri-zone particles may include aggregates formed by several tri-zone particles joined together. In some aspects, mesopores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates. Each tri-zone particle may also include agglomerates, where each agglomerate includes a multitude of the aggregates joined together.

Abstract: A battery is disclosed that includes an anode, a graded interface layer disposed on the anode, a cathode positioned opposite to the anode, an electrolyte, and a separator. The anode may output lithium ions during cycling of the battery. A graded interface layer may be disposed on the anode and include a tin fluoride layer. A tin-lithium alloy region may form between the tin fluoride layer and the anode. The tin-lithium alloy region may produce a lithium fluoride uniformly dispersed between the anode and the tin fluoride layer during operational cycling of the battery. The electrolyte may disperse throughout the cathode and the anode. The separator may be positioned between the anode and cathode. In some aspects, the battery may also include lithium electrodeposited on one or more exposed surfaces of the anode.

Abstract: A coated sulfur particle and methods are shown. In one example, the coated sulfur particles are used as an electrode in a battery, such as a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A composition of matter may include pores and non-tri-zone particles and tri-zone particles. In one implementation, each tri-zone particle may include carbon fragments intertwined with each other and separated from one another by mesopores. Each tri-zone particle may also include a deformable perimeter that may coalesce with adjacent non-tri-zone particles or tri-zone particles. In some aspects, the tri-zone particles may include aggregates formed by a multitude of the tri-zone particles joined together. In some aspects, mesopores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates. Each tri-zone particle may also include agglomerates, where each agglomerate includes a multitude of the aggregates joined together. In some aspects, macropores may be interspersed throughout the aggregates.

Abstract: Presently disclosed is a multi-layered carbon-based scaffolded structure having a conductive substrate. A first film is deposited on the conductive substrate and includes: a first concentration of three-dimensional (3D) carbon-based particles comprising: a plurality of conductive 3D aggregates formed of graphene sheets that are sintered together to define a 3D hierarchical open porous structure with mesoscale structuring in combination with micron-scale fractal structuring that is also configured to provide conduction between contact points of the graphene sheets. A porous arrangement is formed in the 3D hierarchical open porous structure and contains a liquid electrolyte configured to provide ion transport through a plurality of interconnected porous channels. The first film is configured to provide a first conductivity. A second film is deposited on the first film and comprising a second concentration of 3D carbon-based particles.

Abstract: A nanofiber based micro-structured material including metal fibers with metal oxide coatings and methods are shown. In one example, nanofiber based micro-structured material is used as an electrode in a battery, such as a lithium ion battery, where the nanofibers of micro-structured material form a nanofiber cloth with free-standing, core-shell structure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a composition of matter nucleated from a homogenous nucleation to form a self-assembled binder-less mesoporous carbon-based particle. In some implementations, the composition includes: a plurality of electrically conductive 3D aggregates formed of graphene sheets and sintered together to define a 3D hierarchical open porous structure comprising mesoscale structuring with micron-scale fractal structuring and configured to provide an electrical conduction between contact points of the graphene sheets. A porous arrangement is formed in the 3D hierarchical open porous structure and is arranged to contain a liquid electrolyte configured to provide ion transport through a plurality of interconnected porous channels in the 3D hierarchical open porous structure.