Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission of messages to remote receiving devices is disclosed. The technology includes receiving a message for transmission, determining transmission parameters for transmission of the message, and transmitting the message to a remote receiving device according to the determined transmission parameters. The technology may also include encoding the message to effect message latency and may be employed for message transmission via the ionosphere or other atmospheric layer at frequencies in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF), or Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum. Further, the disclosed technology may be employed for message transmission to effect low latency financial transaction execution, such as high speed high frequency trading.

Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission and reception of messages is disclosed. The disclosed technology includes detection and/or reception of messages in a manner in which the receiver latency for a message is automatically adjusted for each particular message. For example, the receiver latency for each message may be automatically adjusted based on channel conditions, e.g., instantaneous channel conditions, between the transmitter and receiver at the time that message is transmitted/received. For example, the receiver latency for a message may be proportional or otherwise associated with to the signal-to-noise ratio (“SNR”) at the receiver at the time that message is received.

Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission of messages to remote receiving devices is disclosed. The technology includes receiving a message for transmission, determining transmission parameters for transmission of the message, and transmitting the message to a remote receiving device according to the determined transmission parameters. The technology may also include encoding the message to effect message latency and may be employed for message transmission via the ionosphere or other atmospheric layer at frequencies in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF), or Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum. Further, the disclosed technology may be employed for message transmission to effect low latency financial transaction execution, such as high speed high frequency trading.

Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission and reception of messages is disclosed. The disclosed technology includes detection and/or reception of messages in a manner in which the receiver latency for a message is automatically adjusted for each particular message. For example, the receiver latency for each message may be automatically adjusted based on channel conditions, e.g., instantaneous channel conditions, between the transmitter and receiver at the time that message is transmitted/received. For example, the receiver latency for a message may be proportional or otherwise associated with to the signal-to-noise ratio (“SNR”) at the receiver at the time that message is received.

Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission of messages to remote receiving devices is disclosed. The technology includes receiving a message for transmission, determining transmission parameters for transmission of the message, and transmitting the message to a remote receiving device according to the determined transmission parameters. The technology may also include encoding the message to effect message latency and may be employed for message transmission via the ionosphere or other atmospheric layer at frequencies in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF), or Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum. Further, the disclosed technology may be employed for message transmission to effect low latency financial transaction execution, such as high speed high frequency trading.

Abstract: Technology for wireless transmission of messages to remote receiving devices is disclosed. The technology includes receiving a message for transmission, determining transmission parameters for transmission of the message, and transmitting the message to a remote receiving device according to the determined transmission parameters. The technology may also include encoding the message to effect message latency and may be employed for message transmission via the ionosphere or other atmospheric layer at frequencies in the Medium Frequency (MF), High Frequency (HF), or Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum. Further, the disclosed technology may be employed for message transmission to effect low latency financial transaction execution, such as high speed high frequency trading.

Abstract: Techniques for fluid measurement include the ability to introduce a vibration to a container wall and to detect the vibration after the vibration has propagated at least partially around the container wall. Based on the detection of the vibration, the techniques also include the ability to determine a fluid state.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the transmission of auxiliary data via a modulated carrier signal superimposed on a primary data communication signal between terminals of a free-space optical communication system are disclosed. The carrier signal is modulated with an auxiliary data signal via phase-shift keying, amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, or other suitable modulation technique, and superimposed on the primary data communication signal prior to transmission as an optical signal by a transmitting free-space optical terminal. The primary data communication signal is received by at least one photo detector coupled to a receiving free-space optical terminal that demodulates the primary data communication signal to reconstruct the auxiliary data.

Abstract: A local conferencing exchange subscriber line conferencing method using a series of input signals from the phone of a subscriber, such as a dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) sequence of key inputs starting with a star key input, to initiate the conference by enabling a termination attempt trigger. The conference is set up in a bridge and the phone of the subscriber is connected to the bridge. All subsequent callers to the subscriber's phone number at the local exchange carrier are routed and connected to the conference at the bridge. When the conference call ends, the subscriber's phone is returned to normal service.

Abstract: A conferencing method for providing reservation-less instant group conferencing. A subscriber dials in a conference code and a group code in his/her phone. The input signal is received in the switch serving the phone on sensing the conference code activates a trigger which results in communications with a conferencing system. The conference call is set up in a conferencing bridge and the phone of the subscriber is routed to the conferencing bridge. The conferencing system using group code obtains a group of phone numbers of participants from a database and calls each participant and connects each call participant to the conference call. Subscriber setting lists of participants and phone numbers in advance of the conference call with Internet access to the database.

Abstract: A conferencing method for providing reservation-less instant group conferencing. A subscriber dials in a conference code and a group code in his/her phone. The input signal is received in the switch serving the phone on sensing the conference code activates a trigger which results in communications with a conferencing system. The conference call is set up in a conferencing bridge and the phone of the subscriber is routed to the conferencing bridge. The conferencing system using group code obtains a group of phone numbers of participants from a database and calls each participant and connects each call participant to the conference call. Subscriber setting lists of participants and phone numbers in advance of the conference call with Internet access to the database.

Abstract: A conferencing method for providing reservation-less instant group conferencing. A subscriber dials in a conference code and a group code in his/her phone. The input signal is received in the switch serving the phone on sensing the conference code activates a trigger which results in communications with a conferencing system. The conference call is set up in a conferencing bridge and the phone of the subscriber is routed to the conferencing bridge. The conferencing system using group code obtains a group of phone numbers of participants from a database and calls each participant and connects each call participant to the conference call. Subscriber setting lists of participants and phone numbers in advance of the conference call with Internet access to the database.

Abstract: An apparatus and method determines light transmission through a window. The window may be a single-pane or a double-pane window, and may or may not have coatings on its interior/exterior surfaces. Light transmission through the window can be measured based on power levels of light incident on the window and light reflected from the window. Such measurements can be performed for a wireless optical telecommunication system, in situations where it may be difficult or impossible to access both sides of a window to place or retrieve measurement equipment.

Abstract: An optical communication system is provided that has a network including a transmitter station that conveys data through a wireless pathway to a receiver station. An obstruction of the pathway is determined by measuring the attenuation of an optical beam arriving at or intending to arrive at a target receiver station and comparing the value with the attenuation of other optical beam(s) arriving at or intending to arrive at one or more reference receiving stations in the optical communication system. The values are interpreted to determine the nature of the blockage and various parameters in the optical data transmission system controlled according to the presence of a local blockage or global blockage. A further consideration in determining the type of blockage may be through measuring the backscattering of the optical beam. In addition, other aspects of the present invention relating to the storage and transfer of selected transaction data are described.

Abstract: A local conferencing exchange subscriber line conferencing method using a series of input signals from the phone of a subscriber, such as a dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) sequence of key inputs starting with a star key input, to initiate the conference by enabling a termination attempt trigger. The conference is set up in a bridge and the phone of the subscriber is connected to the bridge. All subsequent callers to the subscriber's phone number at the local exchange carrier are routed and connected to the conference at the bridge. When the conference call ends, the subscriber's phone is returned to normal service.

Abstract: A polarization of a light signal is modulated to provide polarization tracking in a wireless optical communication system. The light signal having the modulated polarization, such as a sinusoidally varying polarization, is transmitted from an optical transmitter having polarization-maintaining fiber. The light signal having the modulated polarization is received at an optical receiver. A portion of the light signal is directed to an analyzer that detects the modulated polarization and generates an amplitude-modulated light signal corresponding to the modulated polarization. The amplitude-modulated light signal is directed to a tracking detector, such as a quad cell detector, that generates an amplitude-modulated electronic signal corresponding to the amplitude-modulated light signal. The amplitude-modulated electronic signal can be subsequently used to control or perform tracking of the optical receiver.

Abstract: A transmitted light signal, such as laser light, is modulated by a data signal and by a tracking signal. The tracking signal has a modulation depth that is substantially smaller than a peak-to-peak amplitude of the light signal. At reception, the tracking signal is recovered from the modulated light signal and is used to determine an orientation of a receiver with respect to the transmitted light signal.

Abstract: The invention provides a way to improve the voltage stand-off characteristics of photoconductors, including both surface and bulk photoconductors. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a photoconductor device having a semiconductor substrate with electrodes thereon, and a light source which illuminates the surface of the device in a pattern which is configured to increase the stand-off voltage of the device. A method according to the invention includes the steps of directing light onto the surface of the photoconductor thereby forming an illuminated area thereon, measuring the current draw of the photoconductor, and moving the illuminated area along the surface of the photoconductor until the current draw is minimized.