Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing defining an internal volume, a front opening, and a rear opening. The electronic device can include a display component disposed at the front opening and a rear cover disposed at the rear opening. A logic board can be disposed in the internal volume. The device can also include a thin film thermopile including a cold junction bonded to the logic board and a hot junction bonded to the rear cover.

Abstract: An optically actuated transducer system includes an audio signal source, a light emitter driver circuit, a light emitter, optical delivery device, and a transducer unit. An audio signal is fed into the light emitter driver circuit. The audio signal is fed into the light emitter driver circuit. The output of the light emitter is connected to the optical delivery device. The transducer unit includes a speaker membrane and an absorber layer. The absorber layer is applied to a back of the speaker membrane. An end of the fiber optic cable is positioned such that it contacts the absorber layer. The optical delivery device may also be brought in substantially parallel to the speaker membrane by transferring the light through an optical beam steering system. The absorber layer absorbs light from the light emitter and converts the light to heat.

Abstract: An optical microphone includes a vibrating membrane defining a diaphragm for receiving acoustic signals. An optical element such as a lens is attached for vibrating with the membrane in direct relationship with the acoustic input signals. Fixed fiber optic cables may be placed in alignment with the lens for directing the initial light toward the lens and transmit the directed light from the lens. A single or dual fiber optic geometry may be used with the vibrating lens.

Abstract: A Tandem Scanning Microscope is disclosed using a modified Nipkow disk design. With this scanning system, scanning is performed using many apertures at once and using one disk for both image and illumination scanning. The apertures in the disk are in an annular pattern of spiral arms. Each aperture is located along a spiral arm at the end of a radius vector. Relative aperture locations are established in accordance with a mathematical relationship.

Abstract: Tungsten halogen lamps require a fill pressure of several atmospheres. To verify the fill pressure at the time of manufacture the pressure is indirectly measured by first measuring the speed of sound within the lamp. A shock wave is produced within the lamp by rapidly heating a lamp filament or producing an arc between two adjacent filaments and measuring the time required for the shock wave to sequentially disturb two spaced light beams passing through the lamp. The speed of sound is determined from the measured time and the pressure is calculated from the speed of sound.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment, an electrochemical method of detecting the presence of tetraalkyl lead (or other organometallic antiknock additive) in an automotive gasoline sample comprises contacting the gasoline with an immiscible methanol solution containing KOH, which solution is the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell. The cell includes a stainless steel anode and a zinc cathode. Tetraalkyl lead is extracted from the sample into the methanol solution and metallic lead is deposited onto the zinc cathode. Thus, the lead deposit is evidence of the presence of tetraalkyl lead in the gasoline. The method is preferably adapted to be carried out on board a vehicle to monitor the fuel used therein.Devices are presented which are adapted to be incorporated into the fuel tank or fuel line of a vehicle for detecting tetraalkyl lead by this method. In one embodiment, the detection device features a cathode comprising two closely spaced zinc surfaces.

Abstract: Both junctions of a thin film thermocouple are formed on one side of a glass substrate. That side of the substrate is exposed to the diesel engine oil the soot content of which is to be measured. A light source on the other side of the substrate has its radiation directed through the substrate to a location at one of the junctions so that the light is absorbed by the oil adjacent that junction to a degree determined by its soot content. The temperature of the oil and the adjacent junction are increased by an amount dependent on the soot concentration and the thermocouple output is therefore a measure of the soot concentration in the engine oil.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment, an electrochemical method of detecting the presence of tetraalkyl lead (or other organometallic antiknock additive) in an automotive gasoline sample comprises contacting the gasoline with an immiscible methanol solution containing KOH, which solution is the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell. The cell includes a stainless steel anode and a zinc cathode. Tetraalkyl lead is extracted from the sample into the methanol solution and metallic lead is deposited onto the zinc cathode. Thus, the lead deposit is evidence of the presence of tetraalkyl lead in the gasoline. The method is preferably adapted to be carried out on board a vehicle to monitor the fuel used therein.Devices are presented which are adapted to be incorporated into the fuel tank or fuel line of a vehicle for detecting tetraalkyl lead by this method. In one embodiment, the detection device features a cathode comprising two closely spaced zinc surfaces.