Abstract: Bone hooks for use in a spinal fixation system are provided. A device of the invention includes a head portion that can engage a spinal rod of a spinal fixation system, and a hook portion that can be positioned on and/or around a portion of a vertebra. In one embodiment of the invention, the hook portion is adjustably movable with respect to the body portion. In another embodiment, the hook portion includes an auxiliary bone engaging element that can contact a vertebra positioned with a bone receiving region of the hook portion. The auxiliary bone engaging element according to the present invention is particularly useful for maintaining the desired position of the device both during and after the implantation of a spinal fixation system.

Abstract: Connectors for interconnecting rods, fixed to vertebrae and other bones of a subject include a body portion and two recesses or pockets for receiving the rods. These connectors are generally able to be secured to the rods by a tightening a fastener or retaining member from above the spine, which can facilitate the procedure for the surgeon. The connectors can include rotatable or stationary pockets, mating members that pivot and/or translate within the coronal plane of the subject to adjust to the positions of the rods, and extension shafts that pivot to adjust for rod angle.