Abstract: A suggestion method for aftermarket brokered wagers includes selecting a subscriber to an aftermarket brokered wager computing system and determining at least one profile characteristic for the subscriber. Thereafter, a set of available wagers owned by other subscribers are filtered according to the determined profile characteristic to produce a recommended wager owned by a specific one of the other subscribers. Consequently, a message is pushed to a mobile device of the selected subscriber recommending a fractional purchase of the recommended wager at odds established at a time of acquisition of the recommended wager irrespective of contemporaneous odds for the recommended wager. In response to the acceptance of the recommended fractional purchase by the selected subscriber, a registry entry is then written in the brokered wager computing system denoting a fractional ownership of the recommended wager by the selected subscriber along with the specific one of the other subscribers.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of inhibiting corrosion of a substrate containing metal. The substrate can be in any suitable form. In some embodiments, the metal is cobalt. The methods can be used with semiconductor wafers in some embodiments. The invention also provides chemical-mechanical polishing compositions and methods of polishing a substrate. A corrosion inhibitor can be used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein. The inhibitor comprises an amphoteric surfactant, a sulfonate, a phosphonate, a carboxylate, an amino acid derivative, a phosphate ester, an isethionate, a sulfate, a sulfosuccinate, a sulfocinnimate, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition including (a) an abrasive comprising alumina particles, silica particles, or a combination thereof, (b) a rate accelerator comprising a phosphonic acid, an N-heterocyclic compound, or a combination thereof, (c) a corrosion inhibitor comprising an amphoteric surfactant, a sulfonate, a phosphonate, a carboxylate, a fatty acid amino acid, an amine, an amide, or a combination thereof, (d) an oxidizing agent, and (e) an aqueous carrier. The invention also provides a method of polishing a substrate, especially a substrate comprising a cobalt layer, with the polishing composition.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of inhibiting corrosion of a substrate containing metal. The substrate can be in any suitable form. In some embodiments, the metal is cobalt. The methods can be used with semiconductor wafers in some embodiments. The invention also provides chemical-mechanical polishing compositions and methods of polishing a substrate. A corrosion inhibitor can be used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein. The inhibitor comprises an amphoteric surfactant, a sulfonate, a phosphonate, a carboxylate, an amino acid derivative, a phosphate ester, an isethionate, a sulfate, a sulfosuccinate, a sulfocinnimate, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition including (a) an abrasive comprising alumina particles, silica particles, or a combination thereof, (b) a rate accelerator comprising a phosphonic acid, an N-heterocyclic compound, or a combination thereof, (c) a corrosion inhibitor comprising an amphoteric surfactant, a sulfonate, a phosphonate, a carboxylate, a fatty acid amino acid, an amine, an amide, or a combination thereof, (d) an oxidizing agent, and (e) an aqueous carrier. The invention also provides a method of polishing a substrate, especially a substrate comprising a cobalt layer, with the polishing composition.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for obtaining a sample of tissue with low power electrosurgical energy. The systems can include an apparatus for obtaining a sample of tissue from a patient having a cannula having a distal opening for receiving the sample of tissue. A wire, located proximate to the distal opening, can delivery energy to ablate tissue such that damage to the tissue sample is minimized.

Abstract: Two ferroelectric capacitors including a PZT film are connected to one MOS transistor. Electrodes of the ferroelectric capacitor are arranged above a main plane of a substrate parallel to the main plane. Therefore, high capacity can be obtained easily. Furthermore, a (001) direction of the PZT film is parallel to the virtual straight line linking between the two electrodes. Therefore, a direction in which an electric field is applied coincides with a direction of a polarization axis, so that high electric charge amount of remanent polarization can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of treating a tissue region includes inserting a flexible sheath within a vessel, the vessel leading to a tissue region, placing a distal end of the sheath through a wall of the vessel to thereby position the distal end is at or adjacent the tissue region, deploying a plurality of electrodes from the distal end of the sheath such that tips of the deployed electrodes approximately face towards a proximal end, and delivering energy to the tissue region using the deployed electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate, a ferroelectric capacitor which includes a ferroelectric film on the substrate, and a stress application layer which applies tensile or compressive stress to the ferroelectric film of the ferroelectric capacitor by applying stress to the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate, a ferroelectric capacitor which includes a ferroelectric film on the substrate, and a stress application layer which applies tensile or compressive stress to the ferroelectric film of the ferroelectric capacitor by applying stress to the substrate.

Abstract: A catheter comprises an elongated body extending from a curved, distal portion to a proximal portion and including a fluid transport lumen extending therethrough and a suture lock collar slidably coupled to the proximal portion for movement relative thereto. The suture lock collar includes a connection for coupling a fluid receiving structure to a proximal end of the catheter in combination with an actuation member connected to a distal end of the distal portion and extending through the catheter to couple to the suture lock collar so that movement of the suture lock collar proximally along the elongated body draws the suture proximally and curls the distal portion into a desired shape.

Abstract: Two ferroelectric capacitors including a PZT film are connected to one MOS transistor. Electrodes of the ferroelectric capacitor are arranged above a main plane of a substrate parallel to the main plane. Therefore, high capacity can be obtained easily. Furthermore, a (001) direction of the PZT film is parallel to the virtual straight line linking between the two electrodes. Therefore, a direction in which an electric field is applied coincides with a direction of a polarization axis, so that high electric charge amount of remanent polarization can be obtained.

Abstract: After a step of fabricating a MOS transistor (14) on a semiconductor substrate (11) and further steps up to bury a W plug (24), an Ir film (25a), an IrOy film (25b), a PZT film (26), and an IrOx film (27) are formed sequentially over the entire surface. The composition of the PZT film (26) is such that the content of Pb exceeds that of Zr and that of Ti. After processing the Ir film (25a), the IrOy film (25b), the PZT film (26) and the IrOx film (27), annealing is effected to remedy the damage to the PZT film (26) that is caused when the IrOx film (27) is formed and to diffuse Ir in the IrOx film (27) into the PZT film (26). As a result, the Ir diffused into the PZT film (26) concentrates at an interface between the IrOx film (27) and the PZT film (26) and at grain boundaries in the PZT film (26), and the Ir concentrations at the interface and boundaries are higher than those in the grains.