Abstract: A reduced calorie nutrient enriched food product is produced by converting sucrose to monosaccharides and by selectively separating high molecular weight nutrients and sucrose in a food product such as a juice. The sucrose may be converted to non-digestible oligosaccharides. The process may also include separating a feed juice into a solids-rich fraction and a clarified juice fraction; treating the clarified juice fraction to form a high molecular weight-rich and oligosaccharide-rich fraction that can be combined with the solids-rich fraction to form a reduced calorie nutrient enriched liquid.

Abstract: A method of minimizing material mixing in a piping system during a transition between a first material and a second material includes providing a plurality of pipe pigs in a first pipe section with the plurality of pipe pigs being sufficient to substantially fill a cross-section of the first pipe section and to define a plug having a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Each pipe pig has a nominal size that is smaller than an effective diameter of the first pipe section. The plug is moved through the piping system by moving the second material. Advantageously, mixing of the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A reduced calorie nutrient enriched food product is produced by converting sucrose to monosaccharides and by selectively separating high molecular weight nutrients and sucrose in a food product such as a juice. The sucrose may be converted to non-digestible oligosaccharides. The process may also include separating a feed juice into a solids-rich fraction and a clarified juice fraction; treating the clarified juice fraction to form a high molecular weight-rich and oligosaccharide-rich fraction that can be combined with the solids-rich fraction to form a reduced calorie nutrient enriched liquid.

Abstract: A reduced calorie nutrient enriched food product is produced by converting sucrose to monosaccharides and by selectively separating high molecular weight nutrients and sucrose in a food product such as a juice. The sucrose may be converted to non-digestible oligosaccharides. The process may also include separating a feed juice into a solids-rich fraction and a clarified juice fraction; treating the clarified juice fraction to form a high molecular weight-rich and oligosaccharide-rich fraction that can be combined with the solids-rich fraction to form a reduced calorie nutrient enriched liquid.

Abstract: A hydrophobic separating plug is used to separate and inhibit mixing between a first material and a second material. The plug may be formed of a hydrophobic material or may be formed of a plurality of pigs that are a solid or semi-solid material that may be hydrophobic or may have a hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surface. The plurality of pigs may be disposed within a hydrophobic fluid and the pigs may be neutrally buoyant in the hydrophobic fluid. The hydrophobic separating plug has dimensions sufficient to substantially fill the cross-section of pipe sections in which it is located and to define a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Advantageously, mixing between the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A method of minimizing material mixing in a piping system during a transition between a first material and a second material includes providing a plurality of pipe pigs in a first pipe section with the plurality of pipe pigs being sufficient to substantially fill a cross-section of the first pipe section and to define a plug having a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Each pipe pig has a nominal size that is smaller than an effective diameter of the first pipe section. The plug is moved through the piping system by moving the second material. Advantageously, mixing of the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A method of minimizing material mixing in a piping system during a transition between a first material and a second material includes providing a plurality of pipe pigs in a first pipe section with the plurality of pipe pigs being sufficient to substantially fill a cross-section of the first pipe section and to define a plug having a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Each pipe pig has a nominal size that is smaller than an effective diameter of the first pipe section. The plug is moved through the piping system by moving the second material. Advantageously, mixing of the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A hydrophobic separating plug is used to separate and inhibit mixing between a first material and a second material. The plug may be formed of a hydrophobic material or may be formed of a plurality of pigs that are a solid or semi-solid material that may be hydrophobic or may have a hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surface. The plurality of pigs may be disposed within a hydrophobic fluid and the pigs may be neutrally buoyant in the hydrophobic fluid. The hydrophobic separating plug has dimensions sufficient to substantially fill the cross-section of pipe sections in which it is located and to define a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Advantageously, mixing between the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A reduced calorie nutrient enriched food product is produced by converting sucrose to monosaccharides and by selectively separating high molecular weight nutrients and sucrose in a food product such as a juice. The sucrose may be converted to non-digestible oligosaccharides. The process may also include separating a feed juice into a solids-rich fraction and a clarified juice fraction; treating the clarified juice fraction to form a high molecular weight-rich and oligosaccharide-rich fraction that can be combined with the solids-rich fraction to form a reduced calorie nutrient enriched liquid.

Abstract: A method for recovering pomace from a citrus fruit includes providing the citrus fruit to an extractor that separates the fruit into three primary product streams, (i) pomace, juice and pulp, (ii) seeds, peel caps, and peel frits, (iii) waste peel. The extractor includes a vertically oriented strainer tube with axially oriented slots, i.e., slots parallel to the longitudinal axis of the strainer tube, to effectively separate pomace, juice and pulp from the other two primary product streams. An apparatus for performing the method is described.

Abstract: A method of minimizing material mixing in a piping system during a transition between a first material and a second material includes providing a plurality of pipe pigs in a first pipe section with the plurality of pipe pigs being sufficient to substantially fill a cross-section of the first pipe section and to define a plug having a leading edge and a trailing edge such that the leading edge is in contact with a first material and the trailing edge is in contact with a second material. Each pipe pig has a nominal size that is smaller than an effective diameter of the first pipe section. The plug is moved through the piping system by moving the second material. Advantageously, mixing of the first material and the second material is inhibited by the plug.

Abstract: A method and composition can provide fermented plant-origin material. The method can comprise several steps. A first step comprises hydrolyzing a plant-origin material to provide a hydrolyzed plant-origin material. A second step comprises providing a fermentation starter material comprising the hydrolyzed plant-origin material. A third step comprises fermenting the fermentation starter material to provide a fermented plant-origin material. Various compositions comprising a fermented plant-origin material are possible. In some embodiments, the fermented plant-origin material comprises a fermentation product produced by fermenting fermentation starter material, and the fermentation starter material comprises hydrolyzed plant-origin material. Even when the plant-origin material is hydrolyzed or hydrolyzed and fermented, certain desirable properties of the plant-origin material, for example, health benefits, nutrients, whole grain status, fiber content, or beta-glucan content, can be maintained.

Abstract: A thickened juice beverage contains juice and homogenized pulp and/or homogenized finisher-derived solids. The beverage has a measured viscosity between about 50 and about 125 cps at the time of manufacture and the pulp or solids do not significantly change the smoothness or taste profile of the juice. The homogenized pulp and homogenized finisher-derived solids have an average particle size of less than 1000 microns and 1500 microns, respectively. Optionally, the juice beverage meets the standard of identity of a 100% juice, such as an orange juice.

Abstract: A thickened juice beverage contains juice and homogenized pulp and/or homogenized finisher-derived solids. The beverage has a measured viscosity between about 50 and about 125 cps at the time of manufacture and the pulp or solids do not significantly change the smoothness or taste profile of the juice. The homogenized pulp and homogenized finisher-derived solids have an average particle size of less than 1000 microns and 1500 microns, respectively. Optionally, the juice beverage meets the standard of identity of a 100% juice, such as an orange juice.

Abstract: Paper pulp is added to a stain solution. The stain solution and pulp fibers are mixed to form a slurry. Samples are removed from the slurry and are admixed with dilution water and a bleach. Then, the fibers are moved into a flow cell where they are subjected to a light source adapted to stimulate fluorescence from the stained pulp fiber. Before the fiber slurry enters the flow cell it is mixed with a dilution water of bleach to reduce background fluorescence. The fluorescent light is collimated and directed through a dichroic filter onto a fluorescence splitting dichroic filter.

Abstract: An unitary stratified composite composed of a first stratum and a second stratum integrally connected by a transition zone is disclosed. The first stratum serves as a liquid acquisition stratum that rapidly acquires and then transfers liquid to the second stratum. The second stratum serves to withdraw liquid from the first stratum and further severs as a temporary storage stratum. Methods for forming the unitary stratified composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unitary stratified composite composed of a first stratum and a second stratum integrally connected by a transition zone is disclosed. The first stratum serves as a liquid acquisition stratum that rapidly acquires and then transfers liquid to the second stratum. The second stratum serves to withdraw liquid from the first stratum and further serves as a temporary storage stratum. Methods for forming the unitary stratified composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unitary absorbent composite having a plurality of strata is disclosed. In the composite, adjacent strata are separated by a transition zone integrally connecting the strata. Each stratum includes fibers and a binder, and the transition zone includes fibers from adjacent strata. Method for forming the unitary composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unitary stratified composite composed of a first stratum and a second stratum integrally connected by a transition zone is disclosed. The first stratum serves as a liquid acquisition stratum that rapidly acquires and then transfers liquid to the second stratum. The second stratum serves to withdraw liquid from the first stratum and further serves as a temporary storage stratum. Methods for forming the unitary stratified composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unitary stratified composite composed of a first stratum and a second stratum integrally connected by a transition zone is disclosed. The first stratum serves as a liquid acquisition stratum that rapidly acquires and then transfers liquid to the second stratum. The second stratum serves to withdraw liquid from the first stratum and further serves as a temporary storage stratum. Methods for forming the unitary stratified composite are also disclosed.