Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an excipient which is a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof: wherein: R1 represents C1-6alkyl; R2 represents hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; and R3 represents C1-6alkyl, for increasing the immunogenicity of an influenza antigen, which use comprises (a) freezing, (b) heat-treating, and/or (c) freeze-drying an aqueous composition comprising the influenza antigen and the excipient.

Abstract: A sterile pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, which solution is provided in a sealed container and comprises: a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solvent; viral particles or a physiologically active polypeptide; an excipient selected from a polyethyleneimine; a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and optionally, one or more sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a combination of: (i)a macromolecular erythrocyte sedimentation enhancer, and (ii) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylglycine (DMG) and/or valine; to recover non-erythrocyte blood cells from a blood cell-containing sample and/or to prime non-erythrocyte blood cells to protect their integrity in subsequent cryopreservation step(s).

Abstract: A method for preserving an aluminium-salt adjuvant during freezing or drying comprising freezing or drying an aqueous suspension or solution comprising: (a) an aluminium salt adjuvant; (b) a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) optionally, one or more sugars.

Abstract: A method for preserving a polypeptide comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution of (i) the polypeptide, (ii) one or more sugars, and (iii) a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof and/or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (b) drying the solution to form a composition incorporating the polypeptide.

Abstract: A sterile pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, which solution is provided in a sealed container and comprises: a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solvent; viral particles or a physiologically active polypeptide; an excipient selected from a polyethyleneimine; a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and optionally, one or more sugars.

Abstract: A method for preserving an aluminium-salt adjuvant during freezing or drying comprising freezing or drying an aqueous suspension or solution comprising: (a) an aluminium salt adjuvant; (b) a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) optionally, one or more sugars.

Abstract: A method for preserving viral particles comprising: (a) providing an aqueous solution of (i) viral particles, (ii) optionally one or more sugars, and (iii) a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof and/or a compound of formula (II) or a physiologically acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (b) drying the solution to form a composition incorporating said viral particles.

Abstract: A method for preserving viral particles comprises: (i) providing an aqueous solution of one or more sugars, a polyethyleneimine and said viral particles wherein the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 15 ?M or less based on the number-average molar mass (Mn) of the polyethyleneimine and the sugar concentration or, if more than one sugar is present, total sugar concentration is greater than 0.1 M; and (ii) drying the solution to form an amorphous solid matrix comprising said viral particles.

Abstract: A method for preserving a polypeptide comprises (i) providing an aqueous solution of one or more sugars, a polyethyleneimine and said polypeptide wherein the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 25 ?M or less based on the number-average molar mass (Mn) of the polyethyleneimine and the sugar concentration or, if more than one sugar is present, total sugar concentration is greater than 0.1 M; and (ii) drying the solution to form an amorphous solid matrix comprising said polypeptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preservation of an active agent, such as a polypeptide, by contacting the active agent with a preservation mixture including a sugar and polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: A method for preserving viral particles comprises: (i) providing an aqueous solution of one or more sugars, a polyethyleneimine and said viral particles wherein the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 15 ?M or less based on the number-average molar mass (Mn) of the polyethyleneimine and the sugar concentration or, if more than one sugar is present, total sugar concentration is greater than 0.1 M; and (ii) drying the solution to form an amorphous solid matrix comprising said viral particles.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium having material at a select position therein and containing instructions for controlling an optical reader to cause the optical reader to re-read the position having the material one or more times to elicit a measurable parameter at such position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing copying of data from optical disks. A locus on optical disk is initially read to produce a signal and is then re-read by a reader to produce a second signal. The signal detected upon re-reading is different from the signal that is detected upon initial sampling. A method and apparatus for controlling access to an optical disk, such as an optically readable disk. Light sensitive or other materials that are adapted to change state and affect reading of an optical disk are used to control access to data that may be stored on optical disk and/or to control use of the optical disk.

Abstract: A computer-readable medium having material at a select position therein and containing instructions for controlling an optical reader to cause the optical reader to re-read the position having the material one or more times to elicit a measurable parameter at such position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling access to a storage medium, such as an optically readable medium. Light sensitive or other materials that are adapted to change state and affect reading of a storage medium are used to control access to data that may be stored on optical medium and/or to control use of the medium.

Abstract: A device for preventing and controlling copying of data from an optical storage disc utilizing physical modifications in or on a storage capable optical disc. Also described is a method for authenticating and controlling reading or copying of information or data in or on optical discs as, for example, wherein a locus on or in the optical storage disc is initially read to produce a signal and is then re-read by a reader to produce a second signal. The signal detected upon re-reading is different from the signal that is detected upon initial sampling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling access to a storage medium, such as an optically readable medium. Light sensitive or other materials that are adapted to change state and affect reading of a storage medium are used to control access to data that may be stored on optical medium and/or to control use of the medium.

Abstract: A method (50) for designing a semiconductor device (10). The method (50) has an annealing step (59). In the annealing step (59), the semiconductor device (10) is annealed in an ambient containing oxygen. The oxygen has a partial pressure of greater than 11.85 Torr. The annealing step (59) results in a reduction of uncontrolled doping from the gate electrode (33) of the semiconductor device (10) to the channel region of the semiconductor device (10).