Abstract: An optimization-based decoder with improved performance and cyclic redundancy check is provided. An optimization problem is generated and solved. The optimization problem includes a function implementing constraints on variables. Main variables correspond to nodes of the encoding graph, including input variables corresponding to output nodes and output variables corresponding to input nodes. Ancillary variables correspond to an additional output a logical operations in the encoding graph. Constraints are configured to generate cost penalties, for instance when the main and ancillary variables of a candidate solution disagree with conditions of the encoding graph, and to correspond with the cross-entropy between each codeword symbol and the corresponding input variable. A candidate solution is obtained by solving the optimization problem, wherein the output variables in the candidate solution correspond to decoded symbols.

Abstract: Direct measurement of a latch timing window includes, for each of a plurality of predetermined delay times: providing a first signal to a data input of a first latch of a ring oscillator circuit via a delay block configured to delay the first signal by the predetermined delay time; providing the first signal to a first logic clock buffer (LCB); generating a clock signal by the first LCB responsive to receiving the first signal; providing the clock signal to a clock input of the first latch; and determining from an output of the ring oscillator circuit that the ring oscillator circuit is in either an oscillating state or a non-oscillating state. At least one timing window parameter for the first latch is determined based on one or more of the plurality of delay times that are associated with an oscillating state of the ring oscillator circuit.

Abstract: In some examples, a first computing device may receive, from a server, an indication that the server has recovered data. For instance, the first computing device may store metadata including a mapping for one or more file systems accessed by one or more client devices. Furthermore, a second computing device may store a copy of the mapping stored on the first computing device. The first computing device may receive, from the server, a mapping of the one or more file systems determined by the server based on the recovered data. The first computing device may compare the mapping from the server with the mapping of the one or more file systems on the first computing device, and may send, to the server, information about changes determined between the two mappings to enable the server to update the mapping on the server based on the changes.

Abstract: Systems and methods of communicating using asymmetric polar codes are provided which overcome the codeword length constraints of systems and methods of communicating that use traditional polar codes. Used herein, asymmetric polar codes refers to a polarizing linear block code of any arbitrary length that is constructed by connecting together constituent polar codes of unequal length. Asymmetric polar codes may be known by other names. In comparison to conventional solutions for variable codeword length, asymmetric polar codes may provide more flexibility, improved performance, and/or reduced complexity of decoding, encoding, or code design. The system and method provide a flexible, universal, and well-defined coding scheme and to provide sound bit-error correction performance and low decoding latency (compared with current length-compatible methods which can be used with current hardware designs).

Abstract: Managing the resale of a partial interest in an online wager includes assembling an arrangement of user interface (UI) controls in a UI to an online wagering system tracking multiple online wagers, each having a separate time of purchase odds, a paid price of acquisition and a corresponding owner. The UI is presented in a display of a subscriber to the system and different contemporaneous odds are tracked for each of the wagers. A heads-up display (HUD) is then rendered as a transparent overlay over at least a portion of the UI. The HUD has two user interface controls—an activation button activating a process to transact a partial interest in a selected wager, and a meter showing a time remaining before receiving an outcome for the selected wager, and also a variance between a corresponding one of the contemporaneous odds and time of purchase odds for the selected wager.

Abstract: Managing the resale of a partial interest in an online wager includes assembling an arrangement of user interface (UI) controls in a UI to an online wagering system tracking multiple online wagers, each having a separate time of purchase odds, a paid price of acquisition and a corresponding owner. The UI is presented in a display of a subscriber to the system and different contemporaneous odds are tracked for each of the wagers. A heads-up display (HUD) is then rendered as a transparent overlay over at least a portion of the UI. The HUD has two user interface controls—an activation button activating a process to transact a partial interest in a selected wager, and a meter showing a time remaining before receiving an outcome for the selected wager, and also a variance between a corresponding one of the contemporaneous odds and time of purchase odds for the selected wager.

Abstract: Systems and methods of communicating using asymmetric polar codes are provided which overcome the codeword length constraints of systems and methods of communicating that use traditional polar codes. Used herein, asymmetric polar codes refers to a polarizing linear block code of any arbitrary length that is constructed by connecting together constituent polar codes of unequal length. Asymmetric polar codes may be known by other names. In comparison to conventional solutions for variable codeword length, asymmetric polar codes may provide more flexibility, improved performance, and/or reduced complexity of decoding, encoding, or code design. The system and method provide a flexible, universal, and well-defined coding scheme and to provide sound bit-error correction performance and low decoding latency (compared with current length-compatible methods which can be used with current hardware designs).

Abstract: Systems and methods of communicating using asymmetric polar codes are provided which overcome the codeword length constraints of systems and methods of communicating that use traditional polar codes. Used herein, asymmetric polar codes refers to a polarizing linear block code of any arbitrary length that is constructed by connecting together constituent polar codes of unequal length. Asymmetric polar codes may be known by other names. In comparison to conventional solutions for variable codeword length, asymmetric polar codes may provide more flexibility, improved performance, and/or reduced complexity of decoding, encoding, or code design. The system and method provide a flexible, universal, and well-defined coding scheme and to provide sound bit-error correction performance and low decoding latency (compared with current length-compatible methods which can be used with current hardware designs).

Abstract: In some examples, a first computing device may receive, from a server, an indication that the server has recovered data. For instance, the first computing device may store metadata including a mapping for one or more file systems accessed by one or more client devices. Furthermore, a second computing device may store a copy of the mapping stored on the first computing device. The first computing device may receive, from the server, a mapping of the one or more file systems determined by the server based on the recovered data. The first computing device may compare the mapping from the server with the mapping of the one or more file systems on the first computing device, and may send, to the server, information about changes determined between the two mappings to enable the server to update the mapping on the server based on the changes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system and computer program product for a wager registration for aftermarket brokered wagers. A wager registration method for aftermarket brokered wagers includes receiving from an initial bettor in an aftermarket brokered wager computing system a digital image of a physical wager established with a purveyor of wagers independent of the aftermarket brokered wager computing system. The method additionally includes validating an authenticity of the digital image and responsive to the validation, writing a record to a registry indicating one hundred percent (100%) ownership of the wager by the bettor at an amount and odds indicated by the image. The method yet further includes confirming the record upon receipt of the physical wager and subsequently updating the record in the registry to indicate only a fractional ownership of the wager responsive to a third-party aftermarket buyer purchasing a fractional share of the wager.

Abstract: In a spontaneous eco-system of aftermarket brokered wagers different subscribers are registered to an aftermarket wager brokering computing system and a request received from one of the subscribers to import a wager pool of new wagers none of which are published in the aftermarket wager brokering system. For each of the new wagers, odds are then extracted from the request, and also an amount wagered, and yet further a list of participants owning the new wagers, none of whom are subscribed to the aftermarket wager brokering system other than the one of the subscribers from which the request is received. Finally, the extracted information is written to a registry, the new wagers published for aftermarket re-sale and an entry written to the registry responsive to an acquisition of a portion of one of the new wagers so as to indicate a fractional ownership of the one of the new wagers.

Abstract: A suggestion method for aftermarket brokered wagers includes selecting a subscriber to an aftermarket brokered wager computing system and determining at least one profile characteristic for the subscriber. Thereafter, a set of available wagers owned by other subscribers are filtered according to the determined profile characteristic to produce a recommended wager owned by a specific one of the other subscribers. Consequently, a message is pushed to a mobile device of the selected subscriber recommending a fractional purchase of the recommended wager at odds established at a time of acquisition of the recommended wager irrespective of contemporaneous odds for the recommended wager. In response to the acceptance of the recommended fractional purchase by the selected subscriber, a registry entry is then written in the brokered wager computing system denoting a fractional ownership of the recommended wager by the selected subscriber along with the specific one of the other subscribers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system and computer program product for a wager registration for aftermarket brokered wagers. A wager registration method for aftermarket brokered wagers includes receiving from an initial bettor in an aftermarket brokered wager computing system a digital image of a physical wager established with a purveyor of wagers independent of the aftermarket brokered wager computing system. The method additionally includes validating an authenticity of the digital image and responsive to the validation, writing a record to a registry indicating one hundred percent (100%) ownership of the wager by the bettor at an amount and odds indicated by the image. The method yet further includes confirming the record upon receipt of the physical wager and subsequently updating the record in the registry to indicate only a fractional ownership of the wager responsive to a third-party aftermarket buyer purchasing a fractional share of the wager.

Abstract: In a spontaneous eco-system of aftermarket brokered wagers different subscribers are registered to an aftermarket wager brokering computing system and a request received from one of the subscribers to import a wager pool of new wagers none of which are published in the aftermarket wager brokering system. For each of the new wagers, odds are then extracted from the request, and also an amount wagered, and yet further a list of participants owning the new wagers, none of whom are subscribed to the aftermarket wager brokering system other than the one of the subscribers from which the request is received. Finally, the extracted information is written to a registry, the new wagers published for aftermarket re-sale and an entry written to the registry responsive to an acquisition of a portion of one of the new wagers so as to indicate a fractional ownership of the one of the new wagers.

Abstract: Systems and methods of communicating using asymmetric polar codes are provided which overcome the codeword length constraints of systems and methods of communicating that use traditional polar codes. Used herein, asymmetric polar codes refers to a polarizing linear block code of any arbitrary length that is constructed by connecting together constituent polar codes of unequal length. Asymmetric polar codes may be known by other names. In comparison to conventional solutions for variable codeword length, asymmetric polar codes may provide more flexibility, improved performance, and/or reduced complexity of decoding, encoding, or code design. The system and method provide a flexible, universal, and well-defined coding scheme and to provide sound bit-error correction performance and low decoding latency (compared with current length-compatible methods which can be used with current hardware designs).

Abstract: Methods form transistor structures that include, among other components, a substrate having an active region bordered by an isolation region, a gate insulator on the substrate, and a gate conductor on the gate insulator. First and second sections of the gate conductor are within the active region of the substrate, while a third section is in the isolation region of the substrate. The second section of the gate conductor tapers from the width of the first section to the width of the wider third section. The first section and the second section of the gate conductor have undercut regions where the corner of the gate conductor contacts the substrate. The third section of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions. The gate insulator is relatively thicker in the undercut regions and is relatively thinner where the corner of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions in the isolation region.

Abstract: Methods form transistor structures that include, among other components, a substrate having an active region bordered by an isolation region, a gate insulator on the substrate, and a gate conductor on the gate insulator. First and second sections of the gate conductor are within the active region of the substrate, while a third section is in the isolation region of the substrate. The second section of the gate conductor tapers from the width of the first section to the width of the wider third section. The first section and the second section of the gate conductor have undercut regions where the corner of the gate conductor contacts the substrate. The third section of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions. The gate insulator is relatively thicker in the undercut regions and is relatively thinner where the corner of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions in the isolation region.

Abstract: Methods form transistor structures that include, among other components, a substrate having an active region bordered by an isolation region, a gate insulator on the substrate, and a gate conductor on the gate insulator. First and second sections of the gate conductor are within the active region of the substrate, while a third section is in the isolation region of the substrate. The second section of the gate conductor tapers from the width of the first section to the width of the wider third section. The first section and the second section of the gate conductor have undercut regions where the corner of the gate conductor contacts the substrate. The third section of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions. The gate insulator is relatively thicker in the undercut regions and is relatively thinner where the corner of the gate conductor lacks the undercut regions in the isolation region.

Abstract: A water heater including a tank to hold water to be heated, the tank having an outer surface, and a source of heat for heating the water in the tank. The water heater further includes a jacket surrounding the tank, the jacket having an inner surface facing the tank, a plastic skin attached to the outer surface of the tank, and an annular space between the tank and the jacket. In addition, the water heater includes foam insulation within the annular space. The foam insulation cures to form a porous solid layer of insulation between the tank and jacket, and the foam insulation shrinks during curing. The foam insulation adheres to the inner surface of the jacket, and the foam insulation does not adhere to the plastic skin during curing, to thereby reduce a deforming load on a portion of the jacket opposite the plastic skin.

Abstract: A test circuit within a semiconductor wafer that measures a cut-off frequency for a transistor device under test may include a radio frequency source, located within a region of the wafer, that generates a radio frequency signal. A biasing circuit, also located within the region, may provide a current bias setting to the transistor device under test. The biasing circuit receives the radio frequency signal and applies a buffered radio frequency signal to the transistor device under test. The biasing circuit generates a buffered output signal based on the transistor device under test generating a first output signal in response to receiving the applied buffered radio frequency signal. An rf power detector, within the region, receives the first output signal and the radio frequency signal, and generates an output voltage signal, wherein the cut-off frequency of the transistor device under test is determined from the generated output voltage signal.