Abstract: Provided are several polishing compositions useful for modifying a surface, such as a semiconductor wafer suitable for fabrication of a semiconductor device, especially when used in fixed abrasive planarization techniques. The polishing compositions include a synergistic mixture of water, an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, and metal ions. Also provided are various methods of surface planarization.

Abstract: A polishing solution containing two different organic acids is described. The first organic acid is a multifunctional amino acid. The second organic acid is selected from a simple carboxylic acid, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, and combinations thereof. The simple carboxylic acid may be a monofunctional or a multifunctional simple carboxylic acid. Polishing solutions containing two different organic acids providing enhanced removal rates are also described. Methods of polishing surfaces, including metal surfaces comprising copper, are also described.