Abstract: An apparatus is described for burn-in and/or functional testing of microelectronic circuits of unsingulated wafers. A large number of power, ground, and signal connections can be made to a large number of contacts on a wafer. The apparatus has a cartridge that allows for fanning-in of electric paths. A distribution board has a plurality of interfaces that are strategically positioned to provide a dense configuration. The interfaces are connected through flexible attachments to an array of first connector modules. Each one of the first connector modules can be independently connected to a respective one of a plurality of second connector modules, thereby reducing stresses on a frame of the apparatus. Further features include for example a piston that allows for tight control of forces exerted by terminals onto contacts of a wafer.

Abstract: A spiral inertial filtration device is capable of high-throughput (1 mL/min), high-purity particle separation while concentrating recovered target particles by more than an order of magnitude. Large fractions of sample fluid are removed from a microchannel without disruption of concentrated particle streams by taking advantage of particle focusing in inertial spiral microfluidics, which is achieved by balancing inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces. To enable the calculation of channel geometries in the device for specific concentration factors, an equivalent circuit model was developed and experimentally validated. Large particle concentration factors were achieved by maintaining either average fluid velocity or Dean number throughout the entire length of the channel during the incremental removal of sample fluid. Also provided is the ability to simultaneously separate more than one particle from the same sample.

Abstract: A spiral inertial filtration device is capable of high-throughput (1 mL/min), high-purity particle separation while concentrating recovered target particles by more than an order of magnitude. Large fractions of sample fluid are removed from a microchannel without disruption of concentrated particle streams by taking advantage of particle focusing in inertial spiral microfluidics, which is achieved by balancing inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces. To enable the calculation of channel geometries in the device for specific concentration factors, an equivalent circuit model was developed and experimentally validated. Large particle concentration factors were achieved by maintaining either average fluid velocity or Dean number throughout the entire length of the channel during the incremental removal of sample fluid. Also provided is the ability to simultaneously separate more than one particle from the same sample.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for addressing or requesting different versions of a web resource. A first web server electronically connected to a computer network receives from a requestor a first web resource request. The first web resource request includes a bucket cookie and a first web resource address for a first web resource. The bucket cookie includes at least one resource-related bucket cookie value. A second web resource request is generated. The second web resource request corresponds to at least a second web resource required to fulfill the first web resource request. The second web resource request is different from the first web resource request and includes a second web resource address corresponding to the second web resource and including the bucket cookie. The second web resource request is transmitted to a second web server.

Abstract: A spiral inertial filtration device is capable of high-throughput (1 mL/min), high-purity particle separation while concentrating recovered target particles by more than an order of magnitude. Large fractions of sample fluid are removed from a microchannel without disruption of concentrated particle streams by taking advantage of particle focusing in inertial spiral microfluidics, which is achieved by balancing inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces. To enable the calculation of channel geometries in the device for specific concentration factors, an equivalent circuit model was developed and experimentally validated. Large particle concentration factors were achieved by maintaining either average fluid velocity or Dean number throughout the entire length of the channel during the incremental removal of sample fluid. Also provided is the ability to simultaneously separate more than one particle from the same sample.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for addressing or requesting different versions of a web resource. A first web server electronically connected to a computer network receives from a requestor a first web resource request. The first web resource request includes a bucket cookie and a first web resource address for a first web resource. The bucket cookie includes at least one resource-related bucket cookie value. A second web resource request is generated. The second web resource request corresponds to at least a second web resource required to fulfill the first web resource request. The second web resource request is different from the first web resource request and includes a second web resource address corresponding to the second web resource and including the bucket cookie. The second web resource request is transmitted to a second web server.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for addressing or requesting different versions of a web resource. A first web server electronically connected to a computer network receives from a requestor a first web resource request. The first web resource request includes a bucket cookie and a first web resource address for a first web resource. The bucket cookie includes at least one resource-related bucket cookie value. A second web resource request is generated. The second web resource request corresponds to at least a second web resource required to fulfill the first web resource request. The second web resource request is different from the first web resource request and includes a second web resource address corresponding to the second web resource and including the bucket cookie. The second web resource request is transmitted to a second web server.

Abstract: A spiral inertial filtration device is capable of high-throughput (1 mL/min), high-purity particle separation while concentrating recovered target particles by more than an order of magnitude. Large fractions of sample fluid are removed from a microchannel without disruption of concentrated particle streams by taking advantage of particle focusing in inertial spiral microfluidics, which is achieved by balancing inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces. To enable the calculation of channel geometries in the device for specific concentration factors, an equivalent circuit model was developed and experimentally validated. Large particle concentration factors were achieved by maintaining either average fluid velocity or Dean number throughout the entire length of the channel during the incremental removal of sample fluid. Also provided is the ability to simultaneously separate more than one particle from the same sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved teaching aid for teaching addition and subtraction of real numbers which may be easily mastered by children or students. The teaching aid includes a slide (20) and a rule (30). The rule is inscribed with a scale (31). The slide is inscribed with a pointer (25) and indicia (21, 22, 23, 24) indicating the appropriate movement of the slide relative to the scale as a function of the sign of the real numbers desired to be added or subtracted. In certain aspects of the invention, the indicia include arrows (23, 24, 43, 44), and positive and negative signs, and combinations thereof. The slide and the rule are so configured and arranged that the pointer (25) and the scale (31) are in relative alignment. In some aspects, the rule is inscribed with one or more real numbers (32, 32a, 32b, 32c).