Abstract: The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensor surfaces capable of detecting cortisol at low and high concentrations using cyclodextrin interactions are described. One electrochemical sensor surface uses a cyclodextrin:adamantane complexed surface. Another electrochemical sensor surface uses one or more rotaxanes of surface-bound cyclodextrin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Abstract: 2-dimensional surfaces modified with elastin-like polymer (ELP) that transitions between states in the presence of one or more analytes are described. This transition can be monitored to identify the presence and concentration of the one or more analytes. 2-dimensional surfaces of the present disclosure may also or alternatively be configured such that when an analyte binds to ELP on the 2-dimensional surface, such binding changes a degree at which the ELP responds to various non-analyte stimuli (e.g., pH, temperature, etc.). In such examples, the 2-dimensional surface may detect the presence of analyte based on the how the ELP responds to the non-analyte stimuli. For example, ELP on a 2-dimensional surface may transition between states at a first temperature when analyte is not present (e.g., bound to the ELP). The temperature at which the ELP transitions may change based on how much analyte (e.g., what concentration of analyte) is present.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensor surfaces capable of detecting cortisol at low and high concentrations using cyclodextrin interactions are described. One electrochemical sensor surface uses a cyclodextrin:adamantane complexed surface. Another electrochemical sensor surface uses one or more rotaxanes of surface-bound cyclodextrin.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond apparatus includes forming an insulating layer on a surface of a substrate, forming a masking layer on a surface of the insulating layer, and forming a photoresist layer on a surface of the masking layer. A portion of the photoresist layer is cross-linked through exposure to light, leaving a portion of the photoresist layer non-cross-linked. The non-cross-linked portion of the photoresist layer is removed from the masking layer, thus exposing a portion of the masking layer. The method further includes removing the exposed masking layer portion. Any remaining portion of the cross-linked photoresist layer is also removed, resulting in the formation of a patterned masking layer extending from the insulation layer. Diamond material is seeded onto the patterned masking layer and an exposed portion of the insulation layer.