Abstract: Ambient light is detected by a photodiode circuit by measuring the time taken for a digital output of the photodiode circuit to change state in response to exposure of a photodiode of the photodiode circuit to that ambient light. A nominal time for state change is calculated based on photodiode circuit characteristics. Furthermore, an effective time for the photodiode circuit digital output to change state is determined in a calibration mode where the photodiode has been disconnected and a reference current is applied to the circuit. An illumination value of the detected ambient light is then calculated as a function of: the measured time, the effective time and the nominal time.

Abstract: A mobile communications device includes a radiofrequency antenna, a navigation pad and a signal processor. The radiofrequency antenna, navigation pad, and signal processor cooperate to encode and transmit motion signals from the navigation pad to a computer so that the mobile communications device functions as a pointing device therefore.

Abstract: A touch pad uses a plurality of optical mouse type sensors. The sensors are optimized for detection of motion along the predominant direction of a user's finger as the finger is moved around the touch pad. A first one of the sensors functions to optically sense motion in a first direction, while a second one of the sensors functions to optically sense motion in a second, different, direction. The first and second directions are oriented a closed, for example, circular, path.

Abstract: An imaging system for a scanner includes a sensor and a rod lens. The sensor has a linear array of photosensitive elements arranged in three rows and disposed at an angle such that the rows are at different distances from the lens and the object being scanned. When changes in focus occur, for example in scanning a book or a 3D object, the photosensitive elements giving the sharpest image are selected. The angle is achieved by mounting the sensor to a PCB via solder bumps arranged along one side of the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor module has first and second sensor arrays formed on a substrate, with the first and second sensor arrays adapted to share common readout circuitry and shared read out for a pair of sensors on a single array.

Abstract: An optical rotary encoder uses polarization difference imaging techniques to calculate an angle of orientation of a rotatable member. The optical rotary encoder includes a light source, a polarization sensor that has a polarizer and image sensing structure, and a polarizer disk fixed between to the rotatable and interposed between the light source and the polarization sensor.

Abstract: Data is encoded on an image sensor that has a plurality of pixels including one or more bio-sensing pixels and one or more data encoding pixels. The method includes applying a covering material selectively to the data encoding pixels depending on the data to be encoded, the covering material having a detectable difference in opacity relative to having no covering material present. The method includes reading the data encoding pixels, in the presence of light, and decoding data according to a pre-determined scheme depending on the presence of the covering material on the data encoding pixel. As bio-reagents are typically applied after manufacture of the image sensor, the image sensor can have information encoded for electronic detection subsequent to manufacture.

Abstract: A photosensor includes a photovoltage generator for generating a photovoltage, and a comparator for determining a number of integer multiples of a threshold voltage associated with the photosensor. A primary counter is incremented by the determined number of integer multiples. A voltage injector adds at least one unit of voltage to the comparator, with each voltage unit having a value less than the threshold voltage. A secondary counter determines a number of voltage units needed to cause the voltage in the comparator to attain an integer multiple of the threshold voltage.

Abstract: A photosensor includes a plurality of photosensitive regions including a first photosensitive region connected to a first voltage reference, and at least one additional photosensitive region. A signal collector is connected to the first photosensitive region. At least one switching device is for switching the at least one additional photosensitive region between the first voltage reference and a second voltage reference that is less than the first voltage reference, and for reversibly connecting the at least one additional photosensitive region to the signal collector so that the photosensor is variably responsive to different light levels.

Abstract: A fluorescence detector includes a light source being positioned so that in use, radiation emitted therefrom falls on one or more fluorescing species, and a photodetector being switchably connectable between a charge integrator device and a charge disposal device. The photodetector is positionable to detect fluorescent radiation from the fluorescing species. A controller communicates with the light source and the photodetector, and is operable in a cyclic manner to activate the light source to emit radiation and connect the photodetector to the charge disposal device for a first period of time, and connect the photodetector to the charge integrator device for a second period of time after the first period. The charge integrator device is not reset from one cycle to the next.

Abstract: An orientation sensor for use with an image sensor is provided, which includes at least two polarizers with different orientations and associated photodetectors and a signal processing unit. The orientation sensor can be incorporated in a digital camera. When the camera is exposed to daylight, which is polarized, the relative outputs from the differently oriented polarizers can be compared to record the orientation of the camera. This orientation can be stored with the image data so that a user does not have to manually change the orientation of an image on an image display device.

Abstract: An image sensor includes an array of digital pixels, a first frame store for storing reference data, and a second frame store for storing image data. The reference and image data are combine to cancel an off-set of the pixels in the array. A re-set and a calibration phase are performed while a shutter is closed to obtain reference data during a calibration phase. A comparator measures an off-set time to gather information on the off-set of the pixels. During or after an exposure phase a conversion time is measured representative of the illumination on the pixel. During the calibration phase the off-set is measured. This digital technique requires a much smaller voltage swing on the pixel, and known techniques and can be performed in a shorter time. This increases the overall frame rate of the image sensor since the time taken for the reset and calibration phases is less than the time taken for the exposure phase.

Abstract: An optical pointing device includes a variable frame rate controller to reduce power consumption. Frame rate can be varied through analog devices by varying the reference current, or through digital devices by varying the length of time between successive frames. The variable frame rate controller can accept input from various measurements such as velocity of the device, or a spatial frequency of the surface on which the device is situated.

Abstract: An assaying device includes one or more detectors, a transporter and inlet that is connected to the one or more detectors by a one or more channels. The transporter includes one or more sealed, vacuum-containing chambers being connected to the channels, wherein each of the chambers includes an electrically activated puncture. The puncture is configured to puncture a wall of a chamber and cause a differential pressure in the one ore more channels, and thereby transport a fluid from the inlet to the one or more detectors.

Abstract: The image sensor has a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns to form a pixel array, each pixel column having a column bitline. The image sensor includes a column readout for each column bitline and at least one additional column readout. The additional column readout may be selectively connected to one of the column bitlines. In one embodiment, a defective column readout can be isolated and the additional column readout used as a replacement.

Abstract: The image sensor includes a plurality of pixels, arranged in rows and columns to form a pixel array, each pixel having a pixel output. The image sensor includes at least two column bitlines for each pixel column, each column bitline connected to each pixel output in the pixel column and to a common readout amplifier. In one embodiment, the bitlines are not in the same plane and multiple bitlines are positioned one above the other, maximizing pixel efficiency.

Abstract: A bio-optical sensor has a surface provided with an array of sensing pixels and calibration pixels. The sensing and calibration pixels are arranged in an interleaved fashion. The sensing and calibration pixels may be interleaved 1:1, or they may be arranged in interleaved blocks. The image plane receives an analyte and a reagent that reacts with the analyte to produce light. The sensing pixels generate signals as a function of the light produced.

Abstract: An optical rotary encoder uses polarization difference imaging techniques to calculate an angle of orientation of a rotatable member. The optical rotary encoder includes a light source, a polarization sensor that has a polarizer and image sensing structure, and a polarizer disk fixed between to the rotatable and interposed between the light source and the polarization sensor.

Abstract: A presentation system includes a display for displaying data, and an input device for generating a distinctive mark on the display. The distinctive mark has pulse width modulation characteristics. A processor carries out an action determined by the distinctive mark. An image capture device remote from the display detects the distinctive mark on the display. The image capture device is coupled to the processor, and includes a detector. The detector detects the distinctive mark on the display, determines location of the distinctive mark relative to the display, and determines the pulse width modulation characteristics of the distinctive mark corresponding to the action to be carried out by the processor.

Abstract: An image plane includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel comprises a photodiode and two transistors, and each pixel is connected by a signal bus to a respective storage node located off the image plane. Each storage node comprises two capacitors and associated switches. One of the transistors applies a reset pulse to the pixel, and the other transistor connects the pixel to a given conductor of the signal bus, which is then connected to the storage node. The pixel transistors can be operated simultaneously, and the sensed values can subsequently be transferred from the storage nodes sequentially.