Abstract: A hand controller system which provides the proper feel of the hand controller during aircraft operation. In both non-redundant and redundant embodiments, torque, and position measurements are made from the hand controller movements and processed to provide a feedback to a control motor in mechanical connection with the hand controller. The system includes self-monitoring of the motor, as well as the signals provided by the position, and torque sensors. Connections are provided from the hand controller system so that cross-coupling may be provided between the pilot's and copilot's hand controllers.

Abstract: A redundant active hand controller system has first and second motors connected to a common shaft. A compensator which differentiates a motor command signal from a first proportional and integral controller, differentiates a motor command signal from a second proportional and integral controller and subtracts the first differentiated motor command signal from the second differentiated motor command signal to provide a correction signal. The correction signal is summed with the error signal into the first proportional and integral controller to correct for slight differences in the integral control function of the first and second proportional and integral controllers.

Abstract: An active hand controller system includes a moment cell for generating a signal representative of the force or torque applied to the stick of the hand controller by a user. The moment cell has an internal center of rotation and distributed masses are used to counterbalance the effect of inertial forces on the stick of the hand controller.

Abstract: Conventional column controls for aircraft flight control systems are replaced by active sidesticks which are connected to port and starboard aircraft mechanical, electrical or hydraulic systems by means of servo motors and cables. Movement of the active sidestick handles is detected and a signal generated to drive a servo motor in manner corresponding thereto, which in turn will drive cable assemblies which control aircraft flight control surfaces. Two sidesticks are provided, preferably with an electrical cross-cockpit interconnect to cause movement of one sidestick to result in a signal being transmitted to a second sidestick to cause the motor thereof to force the sidestick to track the movement of the first sidestick. In an alternative implementation, the sidesticks are employed in a fly-by-wire system with a conventional cable system as backup.

Abstract: A state detector and loop compensation parameter controller for use with an active hand controller system having a single hand controller or having first and second hand controllers, processing and control means for the hand controllers and a flight control computer. The state detector and loop compensation parameter controller accepts a plurality of inputs and provides a plurality of adjustment signals to the processing and control means to improve the performance of the active hand controller system.

Abstract: A servo controlled system is provided for electrically coupling the motions and applied forces of pilot and co-pilot control sticks. Servo-coupling between the two control sticks is accomplished by detecting the position of the control sticks of respective controllers and/or detecting torque exerted on the control sticks. The position and torques signals are processed and employed in a feedback loop for each control stick to generate a feedback signal to motors to which the control sticks are mechanically coupled. The motors act on the control stick to simulate the feel of traditional mechanical controllers, and to cause the controllers to track each other's movements.

Abstract: An active hand controller system is provided wherein a feedback loop detects the position of a control stick to control a motor driving the control stick to thereby provide certain force feel characteristics to the control stick. The feedback loop includes a detector for detecting force exerted for the control stick to generate a signal indicative of the force or torque being applied to the control stick. In a more specific aspect, the invention includes the use of variable reluctance transformers, preferably in a push/pull configuration to detect the forces being exerted on the control stick.

Abstract: A two-axis hand controller including a human interface to simulate feel parameters for use in a vehicle having a pitch axis and a roll axis. A hollow grip having a base end is connected to a swash plate through a rigid connecting member. A universal joint having a center shaft member rigidly affixed to a first support surface and having roll and pitch pivot axis members is attached within the center of the hollow grip so as to provide dual palm pivot points. The swash plate includes an opening positioned so as to accept the shaft member through the opening and into the hollow grip. The swash plate is also flexibly engaged to the first support surface so as to allow for control of the human interface feel parameters. Apparatus for transducing is attached between the swash plate and the base so as to provide electrical signals responsive to movements in the pitch and roll axes without cross-coupling from one axis to the other.

Abstract: A hand controller for a control system, such as a flight control system, includes a control grip and an support assembly for supporting an operator's forearm so that the operator's wrist joint and hand extend forwardly of the support assembly and the operator's hand is positioned to grip the control grip. The controller also includes roll, pitch and yaw gimbal components. The roll gimbal component is movable about a fore-and-aft extending roll axis defined along a base line of the operator's forearm. The pitch and yaw gimbal components are movable about respective side-to-side extending pitch and up-and-down extending yaw axes defined through the center of the operator's wrist joint in orthogonal relation to one another and to the roll axis. The roll, pitch and yaw gimbal components are coupled to one another and to the control grip in a given sequence for facilitating pivotal motion of the operator's hand about the roll, pitch and yaw axes to activate hand control functions with minimal forearm movement.

Abstract: A float stabilized constant current source uses a floated cylinder with a rotational signal output generator and two torque generators for applying a linear torque and an opposing current squared torque to the floated cylinder, respectively. The current squared torque is balanced against the linear torque by a servo system applying a current to the torque generators in series to create a point of zero net torque on the floated cylinder. The current is obtained from the signal generator representative of a cylinder rotation and is used as a stabilized constant output current, i.e., a precision constant current reference driving an electrical load.