Abstract: A cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge includes an independent storage component and transport component. The storage component can be coupled with the transport component. The storage component includes one or more pockets that each contain a solution to be used in an assay. The transport component is configured to transport the solutions from the pockets of the storage component to a sensor positioned in the transport component.

Abstract: The chip includes electrodes on a substrate. The electrodes include a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The reference electrode is constructed so as to not have an intrinsic potential. A self-assembly monolayer is positioned on the reference electrode. The self-assembly monolayer includes spacers and active probes. The active probes are configured to have a higher affinity for a capture probe than the spacers have for the capture probe.

Abstract: The system includes a microfabricated electrochemical biosensor for detecting the presence and/or quantity of the target analyte in the sample reagent. The biosensor includes a substrate and at least two electrically conductive electrodes. Each of the electrical conductive electrodes consists of a single layer of an electrically conductive material. The electrodes can be fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology.

Abstract: The cartridge can include a mixing component for mixing different solutions so as to form a product solution. A mixture of different solutions can be transported into the mixing component where they combine to form a product solution. The mixing component includes a plurality of variable volume reservoirs in liquid communication with one another. The product solution can be repeatedly transported from one of the variable volume reservoirs to another of the variable volume reservoirs until the desired degree of mixing is achieved. Once the desired degree of mixing is achieved, the product solution can be transported directly to a product chamber within the cartridge or can be treated further before being transported to the product chamber.

Abstract: A cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge includes an independent storage component and transport component. The storage component can be coupled with the transport component. The storage component includes one or more pockets that each contain a solution to be used in an assay. The transport component is configured to transport the solutions from the pockets of the storage component to a sensor positioned in the transport component.

Abstract: A system includes one or more electrochemical sensors. Each sensor includes at least two electrodes. The system also includes an interface configured to provide communication between the one or more electrochemical cells and a computer. The interface includes a circuit board with plurality of sensor circuits. Each sensor circuit is configured to operate a different electrochemical sensor and includes a plurality of electrode lines that are each configured to be in communication with a different electrode on an electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: The system includes a liquid transport structure configured to hold a sensor for detecting one or more components in a liquid. The liquid transport structure includes a reservoir configured to hold a liquid within the liquid transport structure and a channel configured to transport a liquid held in the reservoir to a sensor held by the liquid transport structure.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuit (IC) based biosensor capable of sensing or detecting various ionic molecules and macromelecules (DNA, RNA or protein). The MEMS based biosensor may utilize a hybridization and enzyme amplification scheme and an electrochemical detection scheme for sensitivity improvement and system miniaturization. The biosensor or biosensors are incorporated on a single substrate. Preferably, the biosensor system comprises at least two electrodes. The electrodes may comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter (auxiliary) electrode. The biosensor or biosensors also provide an apparatus and method for confinement of reagent and/or solution in the biosensor or biosensors using surface tension at small scale. The confinement system provides controlled contacts between the reagent(s) and/or solution(s) with the components (i.e., electrodes) of the biosensor or biosensors using controllable surface properties and surface tension forces.

Abstract: An electro-optical system is devised for scanning a color document into electrical signals for reproduction of the color document. The electro-optical system comprises a white light source for generating a beam of white light for illuminating the color document being scanned. A self-focus lens array consisting of at least a first row, a second row, and a third row of rod lenses is used to focus the reflected light from the color document onto a linear photosensor array. To separate the reflected light into RGB components, a first strip of red filter film is attached to one end of the first row of rod lenses; a second strip of green filter film is attached to one end of the second row of rod lenses; and a third strip of blue filter film is attached to one end of the third row of rod lenses. The light passing through the self-focus lens array causes the linear photosensor array to generate electrical signals representative of the amounts of the red, green, and blue components in the reflected light.