Abstract: A highly absorbent PVA/starch towel cools an animal through the process of evaporative cooling. The towel is textured with indentations. A ridge extends along the crest of the towel. Water is applied to and absorbed by the towel. The towel is held to the animal with elastic straps, which allow the towel to be flapped periodically while fastened to the animal. Periodic flapping brings more absorbed liquid to the towel surface to facilitate continued evaporative cooling.

Abstract: A highly absorbent PVA/starch towel cools an animal through the process of evaporative cooling. The towel is textured with indentations. A ridge extends along the crest of the towel. Water is applied to and absorbed by the towel. The towel is held to the animal with elastic straps, which allow the towel to be flapped periodically while fastened to the animal. Periodic flapping brings more absorbed liquid to the towel surface to facilitate continued evaporative cooling.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for a MOSFET (50, 99, 199) exhibiting increased source-drain breakdown voltage (BVdss). Source (S) (70) and drain (D) (76) are spaced apart by a channel (90) underlying a gate (84) and one or more carrier drift spaces (92, 92?) serially located between the channel (90) and the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?). A buried region (96, 96?) of the same conductivity type as the drift space (92, 92?) and the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?) is provided below the drift space (92, 92?), separated therefrom in depth by a narrow gap (94, 94?) and ohmically coupled to the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?). Current flow (110) through the drift space produces a potential difference (Vt) across this gap (94, 94?).

Abstract: A tunable antifuse element (102, 202, 204, 504, 952) and method of fabricating the tunable antifuse element, including a substrate material (101) having an active area (106) formed in a surface, a gate electrode (104) having at least a portion positioned above the active area (106), and a dielectric layer (110) disposed between the gate electrode (104) and the active area (106). The dielectric layer (110) including the fabrication of one of a tunable stepped structure (127). During operation, a voltage applied between the gate electrode (104) and the active area (106) creates a current path through the dielectric layer (110) and a rupture of the dielectric layer (110) in a plurality of rupture regions (130). The dielectric layer (110) is tunable by varying the stepped layer thicknesses and the geometry of the layer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for a MOSFET (50, 99, 199) exhibiting increased source-drain breakdown voltage (BVdss). Source (S) (70) and drain (D) (76) are spaced apart by a channel (90) underlying a gate (84) and one or more carrier drift spaces (92, 92?) serially located between the channel (90) and the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?). A buried region (96, 96?) of the same conductivity type as the drift space (92, 92?) and the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?) is provided below the drift space (92, 92?), separated therefrom in depth by a narrow gap (94, 94?) and ohmically coupled to the source (70, 70?) or drain (76, 76?). Current flow (110) through the drift space produces a potential difference (Vt) across this gap (94, 94?).

Abstract: A non-volatile memory bitcell structure is disclosed that includes a dual capacitor structure. A first metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor having a first capacitance value includes a first top plate, a first bottom plate, and a first dielectric disposed in-between the first top plate and the first bottom plate. A second metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor having a second capacitance value includes a second top plate, a second bottom plate, and a second dielectric disposed in-between the second top plate and the second bottom plate. An element of the first MIM capacitor is electrically coupled in common with an element of the second MIM capacitor. In addition, the first capacitance value is greater than the second capacitance value.

Abstract: By forming a conductive smoothing layer over the bottom electrode and/or a capacitor dielectric, a MIM capacitor with improved reliability due to reduction of geometrically enhanced electric fields and electrode smoothing is formed. In one embodiment, layer including a refractory metal or a refractory metal-rich nitride, is formed over a first capping layer formed of a refractory nitride. In addition, a second refractory metal or a refractory metal-rich nitride layer may be formed on the capacitor dielectric. The smoothing layer could also be used in other semiconductor devices, such as transistors between a gate electrode and a gate dielectric.